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Permit from Camp Kitchener
After Kristallnacht, the Central British Fund for German Jewry (now World Jewish Relief) arranged with the British government for the rescue of about 4,000 Jewish men released from concentration camps. These refugees stayed in a former army base –…
Compulsory Identity Badge
Nazi propaganda minister Josef Goebbels was the first to suggest a "general distinguishing mark" for German Jews in May 1938. German SS and police official Reinhard Heydrich reiterated the proposal idea on November 12, 1938, during a meeting with…
Lutheran Hymnal
Susan received this hymnal with an image of Jesus Christ after her baptism. She carried the book to "hide in plain sight" from the Nazis and their collaborators.
Peter Lederman with his parents
Peter with his mother and Peter's parents, Max and Mina, together.
Photograph of Ernst, Minna, and Max Lederman
Pictured left to right are: Ernst Ledermann (Peter's father), Ernst's mother Minna, and his father, Max, taken sometime in the 1930s.
Peter Lederman's maternal grandparents in Gotha, Germany
Peter Lederman's maternal grandparents, Julie and Kapel Hellbrunn, were deeply rooted in Germany. Both were born and raised there. They were steeped in German culture and language, and were integrated into German society. The Hellbrunns lived in…
Peter's Letter to His Parents
Peter did not live in the Kitchener Camp. Instead, he attended a boarding school where he continued his education and learned English. Separated from his parents, Peter contacted his father and mother through letters and occasionally visited them.
Compulsory Identity Badge
By May 1942, the German military commander in France ordered all Jews over 6 to wear a yellow star. The star, about the size of a person's palm, had the inscription, Juif ("Jew" in French). Monique did not wear the identity badge because she hid…
Certificate of Disappearance, The National Office for Veterans and Victims of War
The Office National des Anciens Combattants et Victims de Guerre (The National Office for Veterans and Victims of War) sent a "certificate of disappearance" concerning Monique's mother, Valentine. The certificate did not recognize that she died at…
Union Nationale des Associations de Déportés, Internes et Familles de Disparus (National Union of Associations of Deportees, Internees, and Families of the Disappeared)
"Active Membership" cards from the Union Nationale des Associations de Déportés, Internes et Familles de Disparus (National Union of Associations of Deportees, Internees, and Families of the Disappeared). The cards recorded that Monique was an…