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Peter Lederman's maternal grandparents, Julie and Kapel Hellbrunn, were deeply rooted in Germany. Both were born and raised there. They were steeped in German culture and language, and were integrated into German society. The Hellbrunns lived in…

Pictured left to right are: Ernst Ledermann (Peter's father), Ernst's mother Minna, and his father, Max, taken sometime in the 1930s.

Peter with his mother and Peter's parents, Max and Mina, together.

Susan received this hymnal with an image of Jesus Christ after her baptism. She carried the book to "hide in plain sight" from the Nazis and their collaborators.

Nazi propaganda minister Josef Goebbels was the first to suggest a "general distinguishing mark" for German Jews in May 1938. German SS and police official Reinhard Heydrich reiterated the proposal idea on November 12, 1938, during a meeting with…

After Kristallnacht, the Central British Fund for German Jewry (now World Jewish Relief) arranged with the British government for the rescue of about 4,000 Jewish men released from concentration camps. These refugees stayed in a former army base –…

In the fall of 1938, Nazi authorities required all Jews in Germany to carry identity cards stamped with the letter “J” for Jude (Jew). German Jews whose names did not instantly identify them as Jewish had to add the name “Sara” for women and…

Austria, 1930s

When Doris left the children's home in Cornwall and returned to living with her parents, she occupied her time toward the end of the war with ephemera journals, which documented the advancement of the Allied troops with newspaper clippings. Displayed…

When the Tennenbaums returned to their apartment in Złoczów, all that remained were the family's photographs, including a torn photograph of Leib Tennenbaum (Samuel's father). Czech guards caught the family when they attempted to cross into Germany…