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Nazi propaganda minister Josef Goebbels was the first to suggest a "general distinguishing mark" for German Jews in May 1938. German SS and police official Reinhard Heydrich reiterated the proposal idea on November 12, 1938, during a meeting with…

Peter did not live in the Kitchener Camp. Instead, he attended a boarding school where he continued his education and learned English. Separated from his parents, Peter contacted his father and mother through letters and occasionally visited them.…

In the fall of 1938, Nazi authorities required all Jews in Germany to carry identity cards stamped with the letter “J” for Jude (Jew). German Jews whose names did not instantly identify them as Jewish had to add the name “Sara” for women and…

Susan and her mother holding hands together in July 1945, and her parents together in 1945.

Susan and her mother holding hands together in July 1945, and her parents together in 1945.

Family portraits of Susan and Peter Lederman together and with their family.

A photograph of Wilma and Pavol Jagos, who hid Susan in the Summer of 1944 in Siladice, Czechoslovakia. They inscribed the postcard to Susan and Peter Lederman in 1964.

Susan received this hymnal with an image of Jesus Christ. She carried the book to "hide in plain sight." She does not recall when she wrote her name on the interior cover.

The interior and exterior of the Lutheran Church in Trnava, Slovakia, where Susan was taken to be baptized in 1943. The family hoped baptism would protect her from the Nazis and their collaborators. She also received baptismal papers as evidence of…