{"@context":"http://www.shared-canvas.org/ns/context.json","@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/collections/36/manifest.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":"Passaic River Artifacts","sequences":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/collections/36/sequence.json","@type":"sc:Sequence","label":"","canvases":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/656/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0001 Armour & Co. Packing Jar (Large)","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":1024,"height":985,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2342/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/56ec7803863232950dc659e1a9ca6592.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":352,"height":418,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/656/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2343/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/b1a365359ae92a61e0ba3fd324f78d4d.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":682,"height":985,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/656/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2344/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/705889377a4678076e38200dd308292e.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":1024,"height":645,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/656/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2461/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/f4f54454239133eeaa64d1107e59c56b.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":269,"height":257,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/656/canvas.json"}],"description":"Basal fragment of a milk glass jar. Maker's mark on base reads  ARMOUR & CO PACKERS CHICAGO. Dimensions of fragment - 6 cm x 5 cm (broken) Color and Form:  White milk glass with a slight lip at the top\r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Armour & Co. Packing Jar (Large)"},{"label":"Creator","value":"These jars are Armour & Co Packing jars from Chicago.  Most likely manufactured between late 1800s (after 1867) and early 1900s (most likely before 1920), based on the dates it was manufactured at its peak popularity (Collectors Weekly).\r\n"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"late 19th- early 20th Century"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Amy Zavecz"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass "},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Cultural and Historical Significance: It has not been determined what this particular jar contained, but they may have contained meats or any of the many other products that Armour & Co produced. \r\n\r\nThese jars were produced by the meat packing company Armour & Co which was founded in 1867 by Phillip Armour (Wilson 2005).  The company was one of the biggest in Chicago for decades, even after the death of Phillip Armour in 1901.  Armour & Co slaughtered animals in Chicago, packing not only meats, but a variety of other animal byproducts such as glue, soaps, gelatin, and others (Wilson 2005).  They aimed to waste none of the animal, having the catchphrase “everything but the squeal” (Wilson 2005).  \r\n\r\n In its history of more than a century, Armour & Co was one of Chicago’s largest employers and one of the biggest businesses in the United States (Wilson 2005).  When the Great Depression came to America, Armour & Co continued to employ thousands of workers in Chicago and the surrounding areas (Wilson 2005).  In 1948, the company had been making soaps for many years, and they developed Dial brand soap (armour-star.com).  Armour & Co lives on today, although it was bought by the Greyhound Company in 1970 (Wilson 2005), as Armour Star.  Today, they mostly sell canned meats and “easy-to-make solutions for all of your meal and snacking occasions” (armour-star.com).\r\n\r\nAccording to an October 20, 1901 story in the Buffalo (N.Y.) Times:\r\nIt is a saying in Chicago that the house of Armour & Co., in the slaughter of hogs, “loses nothing but the squeal of the hogs” when they are led to the slaughter. Employing many thousands of men in the varied industries growing out of their vast slaughtering business, the firm has found it immensely profitable to utilize all portions of the raw material by the firm.\r\nhttps://baybottles.com/2020/11/07/armour-and-company-chicago-armour-laboratories/\r\n\r\n\tThe jars are made out of a material called milk glass.  Milk glass has been in use since the 16th century, but was only given its name in the 20th century (Collectors Weekly).  It originated in France and became popular in the United States in the late 1880s, becoming a symbol for American domestic life (Collectors Weekly).  Beginning in the Great Depression, though, it began to fall out of style (Collectors Weekly).  It doesn’t seem that milk glass was a common packing material during its long history.  Rather, it was often used for vases and dinnerware.  Because of the time period when milk glass was being manufactured, the jars could have been made anywhere between 1867 and the 1960s.  It seems more likely, though, that they were produced somewhere between the 1880s and the 1920s, as these were the years of its peak popularity.\r\n\r\n\tThese jars are representative of a company with a long and distinguished history.  It has lasted for well over a hundred years in one form or another, which is impressive.  The jars come from a time when having plates and containers made of milk glass meant that you were somehow living the domestic dream.  Jars like these hold a lot of meaning, not only for Chicago, where they were made, but for the entire country.  Because this milk glass was used to contain meat or some other animal byproduct, it is difficult to ascertain the socioeconomic class that would have been in possession of these jars.  Milk glass as a material would have been found in many houses in the late 19th to early 20th century, ranging from upper to middle-class.  It is possible that even lower class households would have had at least one milk glass product during the height of its popularity."}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/656/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/657/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0002 Armour & Co. Packing Jar (Small)","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":280,"height":312,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2345/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/6353515f823301015e3f0f17592ae30d.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":280,"height":312,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/657/canvas.json"}],"description":"- 4.5 cm x 4.5 cm (chipped)\r\n- Fragmentary, only the base (including maker’s mark) remains. Maker's mark on base reads ARMOUR & CO PACKERS CHICAGO.\r\nAlso see DUPRS_0001","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n","license":"The materials in this collection are made available for use for educational purposes only for research, teaching and private study. Texts and images from this collection may not be used for any commercial purpose without prior permission from the Department of Anthropology, Drew University.","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Armour & Co. Packing Jar (Small)"},{"label":"Creator","value":"These jars are Armour & Co Packing jars from Chicago.  Most likely manufactured between late 1800s (after 1867) and early 1900s (most likely before 1920), based on the dates it was manufactured at its peak popularity (Collectors Weekly).\r\n"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)\r\n"},{"label":"Date","value":"19th-20th Century"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Amy Zavecz"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Also see DUPRS_0001\r\n\r\nFragments of Armour & Co. jars were common at the Stanley Park site. \r\nThese jars were produced by the meat packing company Armour & Co which was founded in 1867 by Phillip Armour (Wilson 2005).  The company was one of the biggest in Chicago for decades, even after the death of Phillip Armour in 1901.  Armour & Co slaughtered animals in Chicago, packing not only meats, but a variety of other animal byproducts such as glue, soaps, gelatin, and others (Wilson 2005).  They aimed to waste none of the animal, having the catchphrase “everything but the squeal” (Wilson 2005). \r\nThe company quickly became the leading distributor of meatpacking in the nation, eventually even exporting to Europe. Ceramic containers were commonly used to pack meat in the late 1800s. Potted foods were used to thicken soups and useful for travellers. The potted meats became very popular and widely distributed particularly in the days before food preservatives. \r\nThe jars may have contained meats or any of the many other products that Armour & Co produced.  In its history of more than a century, Armour & Co was one of Chicago’s largest employers and one of the biggest businesses in the United States (Wilson 2005).  When the Great Depression came to America, Armour & Co continued to employ thousands of workers in Chicago and the surrounding areas (Wilson 2005).  In 1948, the company had been making soaps for many years, and they developed Dial brand soap (armour-star.com).  Armour & Co lives on today, although it was bought by the Greyhound Company in 1970 (Wilson 2005), as Armour Star.  Today, they mostly sell canned meats and “easy-to-make solutions for all of your meal and snacking occasions” (armour-star.com).\r\n\tThe jars are made out of a material called milk glass.  Milk glass has been in use since the 16th century, but was only given its name in the 20th (Collectors Weekly).  It originated in France and became popular in the United States in the late 1880s, becoming a symbol for American domestic life (Collectors Weekly).  Beginning in the Great Depression, though, it began to fall out of style (Collectors Weekly).  From what information I could find, it doesn’t seem that milk glass was a common packing material during its long history.  Rather, it was often used for vases and dinnerware.  Because of the time period when milk glass was being manufactured, the jars could have been made anywhere between 1867 and the 1960s.  It seems more likely, though, that they were produced somewhere between the 1880s and the 1920s, as these were the years of its peak popularity.\r\n\tThese jars are representative of a company with a long and distinguished history.  It has lasted for well over a hundred years in one form or another, which is impressive.  The jars come from a time when having plates and containers made of milk glass meant that you were somehow living the domestic dream.  Jars like these hold a lot of meaning, not only for Chicago, where they were made, but for the entire country.  Because this milk glass was used to contain meat or some other animal byproduct, it is difficult to ascertain the socioeconomic class that would have been in possession of these jars.  Milk glass as a material would have been found in many houses in the late 19th to early 20th century, ranging from upper to middle-class.  It is possible that even lower class households would have had at least one milk glass product during the height of its popularity.\r\n\tThe company was, however, part of the changes in the early 20th century due to the exposure of working and sanitary conditions at stock yards and packing plants. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle was published in 1906, exposing the poor working conditions at Armour’s stock yards and packing plant in Chicago, along with the unsanitary things that went into meat products, including rat dropping and waste materials. In order to combat the horrific image of not caring about their products or workers, Armour’s ad campaign for its meat extracts declared that they “had the flavor of fresh meat” to try and convince their customers that their products were safe and clean and only contained “the best beef.”\r\n\tA French advertisement and cookbooks indicating how the product can be used to produce different dishes for the family indicate both the broad distribution of the products as well as their strategies for increasing their use. \r\n\r\nWork Cited\r\n\r\n\r\nStar, Armour\r\n\r\nAbout Us. armour-star.com.\r\n\r\nWeekly, Collectors\r\n\r\nAntique Milk Glass. collectorsweekly.com.\r\n\r\nWilson, Mark\r\n\r\n2005 Armour & Co. Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago.\r\n\r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/657/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/658/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0003 Floral Maddock Plate","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":478,"height":358,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2346/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/8f1f03d6fabc783045c875a50267d218.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":478,"height":358,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/658/canvas.json"}],"description":"Fragments of white porcelain dishware. The fragments seem to be from different forms but all bear remnants of the same rose and green ivy leaf pattern. None of the fragments recovered fit together so they appear to represent individual forms and objects which may have been part of a set. The fragments varied in size from 7 ½ inches long by 11inches wide, 3 inches long by 3 inches wide; 2 ½ inches long by 2 ½ inches wide; 1 ½ inches long by 1 inch wide. A maker’s mark was visible on the exterior base of some of the fragments and bore an image of a lion in green lettering along with the words \"vitrified\" and John Maddock & Sons England all in green. ","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n","license":"The materials in this collection are made available for use for educational purposes only for research, teaching and private study. Texts and images from this collection may not be used for any commercial purpose without prior permission from the Department of Anthropology, Drew University.\r\n","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Fragments of dishware by John Maddock & Sons England\r\n"},{"label":"Creator","value":"John Maddock & Sons England\r\n"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)\r\n"},{"label":"Date","value":"Late 19th century to early 20th century for manufacture dates. But use date could have extended later. The fragments from the site include examples of the different versions of the maker’s mark which changed slightly over time from the late 1800s to early 1900s. \r\n"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Amy Zavecz"},{"label":"Type","value":"Ceramic"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Makers marks for John Maddock and Sons were located through online sources. It is difficult to determine the manufacture date of these fragments since an exact match for the seal was not shown in the online figures showing the changes over time in the style of the mark.  The one most similar had \"Ltd\" on it which would date to 1896.\r\n\r\nThe company John Maddock and Sons was started in Burslem, England by John Maddock. The fragments found at the Stanley Park site include those from a large platter. Although there was a John Maddock factory in Trenton, NJ in 1894, the platter was made in England as is evident from the maker’s mark without an “s” after Maddock - the American version had “Maddocks” instead of “Maddock.”\r\n\r\nThe china type seemed most popular in the 1800s and was made in England. It was very popular in America and was reasonably priced. This company is still in operation today.\r\n\r\nThe analysis of ceramic from the archaeological record can reveal much about the socioeconomic status and consumption practices of the people who used and discarded them. The presence of fine ceramics, like porcelain, is one indication that people were potentially demonstrating household status.\r\nhttps://freedmanstownarchaeology.rice.edu/Sisk%20exhibit/consumption-and-class.html\r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/658/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/659/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0009 White and Blue Porcelain Vase (Fragments)","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":522,"height":390,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2347/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/a80574763e924a481d343550076411ae.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":522,"height":390,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/659/canvas.json"}],"description":"Fragments of a white and blue porcelain vase ranging in size from 5cm-9cm. All of the individual fragments are in good condition (minimal chips and cracks)\r\n\r\n\r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology\r\n\r\n","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"White and Blue Porcelain Vase (Fragments)"},{"label":"Creator","value":"The exact creator is unknown. White and blue porcelain ceramic was prominent in Jingdezhen, China. "},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"Unknown"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Amy Zavecz"},{"label":"Relation","value":"http://arts.cultural-china.com/en/31Arts240.html \r\n"},{"label":"Type","value":"Ceramic"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Cultural and Historical Significance: Among all porcelain produced in Jingdezhen, the most representative is blue-white porcelain 青花瓷 . Baking blue-white porcelain originated in the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127). During the Yuan and Ming dynasties (1271-1644), blue-white porcelain became increasingly popular, and since the 14th century, manufacturers have shipped blue-white porcelain to world markets. The porcelain reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Its thin, translucent quality and exotic motifs made it very valuable throughout Europe and the colonies, ranking first among blue-white porcelain nationwide. \r\nDrawing the design with a cobalt pigment onto the stoneware body and painting over it with a transparent glaze creates the blue-white style, also known as \"underglaze blue\". The piece is then fired at a high temperature. Blue-white porcelain was introduced during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) and has been in production ever since thanks to its bright colors, simple yet elegant patterns, and smooth glaze that never fades. \r\nThe Yuan Dynasty is a key period for the development of the firing techniques for blue-white porcelain in China. Its unique characteristics were based on the techniques of former dynasties. Blue-white porcelain had become a major porcelain product in China by the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing dynasties (1644-1911). \r\nThe blue-white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty is large, with thick roughcast. Generally, the works include big bottles, pots, bowls, and plates, with the traditional flavor of the Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279) dynasties. Due to the underdeveloped techniques, there are two interfaces on the body and several veins inside the body. The roughcast is not as smooth as that of the Ming and Qing dynasties and the glaze is thicker due to more iron in the raw glaze materials. \r\nThere are bamboo-like lines at the foot of the porcelain. The body is connected to the foot before the glaze is coated. The body is decorated with lotuses, clouds, and flowers. Dense decorations were not only applied to blue-white porcelain but also to picture weaving and stone carving, reflecting the unique characteristics of the time. \r\nThe major producer of blue-white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty was Jingdezhen. In addition, there were kilns for blue-white porcelain production in East China's Zhejiang Province and Southwest China's Yunnan Province. \r\nBlue-white porcelain actually belongs to color-glazed porcelain and the coloring agent used is called cobalt oxide. First, using cobalt oxide, paint the unbaked mold, then apply a layer of translucent glaze over it and bake it at 1,300 degrees Celsius. The cobalt oxide will be reduced under the high temperature into a blue hue, which will be very bright and durable without poisonous lead. Each piece of monochrome-glazed porcelain has a single bright color with an exquisite design. A very good mastery of controlling temperature changes and content composition is required. Blue-white porcelain is most famous among the four traditional types of porcelain produced in Jingdezhen, and is renowned as the \"ever-lasting blue flower.\" \r\nIn 1979 Jingdezhen blue-white porcelain won a national golden prize and in 1985 it was honored with three gold medals at international fairs held in Leipzig, Brno, etc. Since then, the name \"Jingdezhen Blue-white Porcelain\" has spread far and wide. By far, it is a top product in the porcelain business, boasting the most prizes and highest standards. \r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/659/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/660/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0008 Frozen Charlotte Doll","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":628,"height":546,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2348/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/d533881921d090486b0b4c82367137d0.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":628,"height":546,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/660/canvas.json"}],"description":"The artifact is approximately 1 ½” tall. The artifact is composed of glazed, white porcelain in what appears to be the shape of a human. The glaze is cracked and the artifact is missing both arms, a leg, and the head. The color of the material in areas has been discolored and is similar to the hue of the soil in which the artifact was found. \r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology","license":"The materials in this collection are made available for use in research, teaching and private study. Texts and images from this collection may not be used for any commercial purpose without prior permission from Drew University.","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Frozen Charlotte Doll"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Unknown"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, west Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"Late 19th century-early 20th century"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Juliet LaVigne"},{"label":"Relation","value":"Fernandez, Elizabeth. \"Stll She Never Stirred\": Frozen Charlotte Dolls of the Victorian Era. N.p., 30 Apr. 2015. Web. 30 Sept. 2016.\r\n"},{"label":"Type","value":"Ceramics"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"The color and shape of the artifact indicate that it could be identified as a Victorian doll known as a “Frozen Charlotte”. The small size of 1 ½” was typical for the stature of a Frozen Charlotte and was often characterized by its’ pure white color of porcelain. Also, the indentation between the legs of the artifact matches that of a Frozen Charlotte doll. The indentation is created in order to create a likeness to a small child or cherub. What is present of the broken arm on the artifact is close to the body and protruding outwards, common characteristics found in Frozen Charlotte dolls. The doll was not meant to have mobile limbs in order to create a “frozen” effect. The dolls were originally manufactured in Germany in 1850 up until the 1920s. \r\nFrozen Charlotte was a very popular doll made in the Victorian era that acted as a symbol of obedience. It was manufactured primarily in Germany and quickly spread to France and America where other companies began manufacturing this unique doll. The doll was used initially as a “badekinder”, German for bathing kids, or a bath toy. Some suggest that the doll was put in cakes and desserts much like the custom during Mardi Gras. Others claim that the doll was created in order to remind Victorian women to “hide their vainness”. This comes from the poem that supposedly tells the story behind Frozen Charlotte. A young girl, Charlotte, refused to put on her cloak on a winter’s sleigh ride despite her mother’s insistence, and that night she died due to vainness and the cold (Fernandez). "}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/660/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/661/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0004 Star Bottle","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":1936,"height":2592,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2349/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/11d1408ea656f7f6189cf46b04e81c91.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":1936,"height":2592,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/661/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2350/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/9d92c9f424416e7c87eeae3cdcdd5baa.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":386,"height":414,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/661/canvas.json"}],"description":"Clear, glass bottle with a rounded body and straight “throat” part which may have been hand blown. Embossed star letters “MO” printed in the center space of the star\r\nIt is complete and in good condition with some color fading/weathering near the lower part of the throat and sides of the body. \r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n","license":" The materials in this collection are made available for use for educational purposes only for research, teaching and private study. Texts and images from this collection may not be used for any commercial purpose without prior permission from the Department of Anthropology, Drew University.\r\n","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Small Glass Star Bottle"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Unknown"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"Unknown"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Ava Valentino"},{"label":"Relation","value":"https://www.antique-bottles.net/threads/mo-in-star.154908/ https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/small-antique-star-david-jewish-1-131441051 https://www.reddit.com/r/BottleDigging/comments/7y7net/identification_small_bottle_with_star_of_david/"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"From various related sources, this bottle could have been used to store oil/perfume/medicine, with the letters indicating the initials of the owner of the bottle. \r\nFurther research is needed to find the provenience and origin of creation for the bottle. \r\n\r\nAlthough the embossed star could relate to the “Star of David”, various websites state that these bottles held oil/perfume/medicine, and the initials were of the owner (1,6,7,8,9,10). The embossed star could potentially be a symbol of the six point Brewer’s Star (2,11). This could have been from a women’s and girl’s apparel department store in Reading, PA called C.K. Whitner Co.(3,4,5). The maker’s mark of company Hutch F. W. Muller Arlington Heights, ILL includes a similar star (12).\r\n\r\n References\r\n\r\nhttps://www.reddit.com/r/whatisthisthing/comments/7yefwd/small_bottle_with_star_or_david_and_the_initials/ \r\nhttp://www.brewingmuseum.org/articles/six-point-brewers-star\r\nhttps://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/medicine-doll-handblown-glass-bottle-489888872\r\nhttp://digitalcollections.powerlibrary.org/cdm/ref/collection/prepl-brcpc/id/29\r\nhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/Vintage-C-K-Whitner-Co-Reading-Pa-438-444-Penn-Square-Metal-Tray-/274013544996\r\nhttps://www.antique-bottles.net/threads/mo-in-star.154908/\r\nhttps://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/small-antique-star-david-jewish-1-131441051\r\nhttps://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/jewish-star-david-hand-blown-1923124565\r\nhttps://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/small-flask-shape-embossed-star-david-1802354549\r\nhttps://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/antique-bottle-embossed-star-david-1788627968 \r\nhttp://www.beeretseq.com/is-the-brewing-star-of-jewish-origin/ \r\nhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/Vintage-Hutch-F-W-Muller-Arlington-Heights-ILL-Bottle-Star-of-David-6-fl-oz/224048712746?hash=item342a580c2a:g:a4cAAOSwu51e6kSC "}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/661/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/662/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0006 B.M. Dickinson Bottle","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":425,"height":537,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2351/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/95ae26672ff8da14369e7df72fe01023.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":425,"height":537,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/662/canvas.json"}],"description":"Glass bottle with “B.M. Dickinson Chatham, N.J.” embossed in a circle on the front. Dimensions: 7 inches high, 3 inches base width, 1 3/4 inch across bore. ","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey","license":"The materials in this collection are made available for use for educational purposes only for research, teaching and private study. Texts and images from this collection may not be used for any commercial purpose without prior permission from the Department of Anthropology, Drew University.\r\n","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"B.M. Dickinson, Chatham N.J."},{"label":"Creator","value":"Thatcher Manufacturing Company (projected) for the bottle"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"1902-1912"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Ava Valentino"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Glass bottles such as this one were commonly used for the distribution of milk starting around the turn of the last century. The way the system worked was that the customer paid for the milk itself, while the container was purchased by and belonged to the local dairy, and was meant to be reused several times. The wood or cardboard bottle caps used in bottles such as this one were meant to be disposable, so a new one could be used every time. \r\n\r\nB.M. Dickinson was probably the name of the individual dairy which owned the bottle, but there is no record of a Dickinson dairy in Chatham, New Jersey. Labeling laws required the dairy name be put on the bottles at around the turn of the last century.  A similar bottle was found at the site of the Fairview House Hotel in Chatham but was from the Baldwin Brothers Farm. https://www.nj.com/independentpress/2020/07/in-chatham-a-buried-treasure-turns-into-a-bottle-project.html\r\n\r\nThe light amethyst color of the glass is one of the most significant aspects of this artifact. This tint indicates that manganese was mixed into green glass to give it a clearer effect, but ultimately turning purple over time due to sun exposure. Manganese glass was used only between 1880-1925 with the majority of glass dating between 1890-1917. \r\n\r\nBased on observation of where the side seams of the bottle fade, the circular markings on the neck, the uneven nature of the finish and the way the glass becomes thicker as the neck meets the shoulder, this bottle displays all the qualities of a mouth-blown bottle with a tooled finish. This means that the finish and body were blown together in the mold with the finish then begin hand-tooled to a more precise shape. Most bottles with tooled finishes were produced after 1890 but hand-tooled finishes disappeared between 1910-1920 as fully automatic bottle-making machines took over. \r\n\r\nHarvey Thatcher Company in Potsdam, NY manufactured “Common Sense Milk Bottles” which were patented in 1889 and became the industry standard by 1900. The ledge inside the finish is one of the main features of the “Common Sense” bottle, as it serves to hold a cap in place - the ledge is called the cap seat. The cap size for this bottle would have been 1 ¾” and if this is a Thatcher bottle, that could be indicative of a date earlier than 1912 when most cap sizes were standardized at 1 ⅝”. \r\n\r\n\r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/662/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/663/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0007 Silverware","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":2592,"height":1936,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2352/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/3709f92226f3f26d3b02b71f6a13f349.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":2592,"height":1936,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/663/canvas.json"}],"description":"Heavily rusted bent spoon and fork with 2 missing tines and 1 tine bent upward","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n","license":"  The materials in this collection are made available for use for educational purposes only for research, teaching and private study. Texts and images from this collection may not be used for any commercial purpose without prior permission from the Department of Anthropology, Drew University.\r\n","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Silverware (Spoon and fork)"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Uknown"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)\r\n"},{"label":"Date","value":"Not determined - other artifacts from the site including dishware and domestic items date to the late 19th and early 20th century"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Ava Valentino"},{"label":"Type","value":"Metal"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/663/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/664/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0010 Hoyt's German Cologne bottle","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":2048,"height":1536,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2353/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/4a7bddcfe74e8f034aa5753a3f5070fd.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":2048,"height":1536,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/664/canvas.json"}],"description":"The bottle is complete and well preserved. It is 9.2 cm. long from lip to base. The bore is 1 cm., the finish 0.9 cm., the neck 2.9 cm. in diameter, the shoulder 0.9 cm., the body 2.67 cm. and the base 3.1 cm. On the body of the bottle there is an indented panel with the words “Hoyt’s German Cologne E.W. Hoyt & Co. Lowell Mass”. On the bottom of the bottle is the number 3. An outside seam runs along both of the sides of the bottle all the way from the base to the finish. The color of the glass appears opaque but when illuminated by the light a purplish hue is evident. The purple (amethyst) could mean that the compound of the bottle is either nickel or manganese.","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Hoyt's German Cologne Bottle"},{"label":"Creator","value":"E.W. Hoyt and Co. Lowell Massachusetts "},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface Collection, east Stanely Park, Historic Chatham Township(modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"The 1880s"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Juliet LaVigne"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Cultural and Historical Significance: Originally called Hoyt’s German Cologne, the cologne was developed in 1868 by apothecary Eli Waite Hoyt. The name \"German\" was originally applied to the cologne in 1870. This name was chosen just to give a definite title to the cologne; it was not actually from Germany. The cologne initially was only sold in $1.00 bottles, with sample vials filled with cologne freely distributed to create an increased demand. By 1877, the production of the German Cologne became so great that Hoyt sold the apothecary shop to two then employees, Crowell and Harrison.\r\n\tThe original $1.00 bottle limited distribution since it was more cologne than most people needed (or wanted). Shedd designed a distinctive round bottle with the indented panel for use with the cologne and provided both the $1.00 and a new 25¢ trial-size bottle. This trial-sized bottle proved to be a huge success and business expanded quickly. The date when the trial-sized bottle was introduced is estimated to be in the early 1870's, since a medium-sized (50¢) bottle was introduced in 1876.\r\n\tThe bottle could have been purchased and used from the 1880’s until around 1918 when the company’s name changed to “Eau de Cologne” because of World War I. It could have been shipped to New Jersey and used around the area of its discovery. \r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/664/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/665/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0011 CH. Guyot Suspender Adjustors, Clasps and Catches\r\n","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":760,"height":525,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2354/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/d3b9932502bd666a3c445e298dfee51c.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":473,"height":380,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/665/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2355/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/44e7dfc743abdd988ddad96a7fc74df5.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":310,"height":525,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/665/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2356/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/f7da956108ba4c7fb8a59218c7481607.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":760,"height":349,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/665/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2357/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/30ef9691e81c84eec04d04bda0ad1bfe.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":607,"height":452,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/665/canvas.json"}],"description":"Metal suspender adjusters, clasps and catches. \"CH. Guyot\" was stamped on the reverse side of some of the metal adjusters. ","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey (DUPRS)\r\n","license":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey (DUPRS)\r\n","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Metal suspender adjusters, clasps and catches"},{"label":"Creator","value":"The adjusters, clasps and catches form the metal parts of men's suspender straps manufactured between 1907 and 1925 based on advertisements in the New York Times. "},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface Collection, West Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township, New Jersey"},{"label":"Date","value":"Estimated Manufacture early 20th century based on advertisements in the New York Times"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Maria Masucci"},{"label":"Relation","value":"CH. Guyot had factories in Germany, France and possibly Philadelphia. A 1907 advertisement from Ostheimer Bros. 1001 Chestnut St. Philadelphia pictures \"Genuine Guyot Suspenders\" which suggests these were being sold in Philadelphia but may not have been manufactured there. "},{"label":"Type","value":"Metal"},{"label":"Identifier","value":"C.H. Guyot suspender clasps"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Selling at 60 cents a pair in 1907 (New York Times advertisement) the suspenders with these clasps were advertised as a European style for gentlemen and were priced quite high for the era as a luxury product. The brand had many French and German advertisements and only a few advertisements had photos in the records of the New York Public Library. The advertisements appear to be targeted to upperclass men shown fencing and in pursuits associated with the wealthier class. \r\n\r\nOstheimer Bros in Philadelphia and New York figure in advertisements as distributors of the suspenders and an emphasis is on \"Genuine Guyot Suspenders\". There were issues about imitations and therefore one had to look for the CH Guyot and stars stamped on the metal pieces. \r\n\r\nSuspenders with CH Guyot adjuster clasps like those found in Chatham are in the Webb Cook Hayes Collection at the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library and Museums Catalog #1934.236.12. They are listed as associated with WWI. \r\nhttps://rbhayes.pastperfectonline.com/webobject/0D5368BA-68FE-4238-A6F8-476103406830\r\n\r\nThe significance of these data and objects for the Chatham Township site is that it provides additional chronological placement as well as provides information on what was being produced and manufactured at the Stanley Mill which was located in the area of the site where these artifacts are found. Similar artifacts are visible across the surface of the western mill area and in the same area where remnants of felt are found along with buttons, bricks and metal machine pieces. \r\n\r\nThe question is why are there such a large number of these suspender adjusters and associated suspender pieces found at the site. Was there men's clothing being manufactured at the mill? Since these are associated with upper class men it is unlikely they are the result of workmen's clothing. This also would not explain the high number of examples present at the site. "}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/665/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/666/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0012 Misc. Button Collection","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":960,"height":720,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2358/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/8450dd3bdbb81c7e4a67b4088107869e.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":334,"height":336,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/666/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2359/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/adff4f5ae7198fb9a1d8292af72afd85.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":264,"height":332,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/666/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2360/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/1f1d8b4ad10ab3463881376e45208603.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":276,"height":352,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/666/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2361/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/617a4c67ddf92c5dbddee5f3cf34c005.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/666/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2362/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/d1b4012b2fc86e24f985d9caedd85e53.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/666/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2363/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/7589e07b6922d96530e54454e5c8bacb.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/666/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2364/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/ba18a7613405eb6c367d05a8bc907ccc.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/666/canvas.json"}],"description":"This collection of different button types found in various states of tarnish is made up of:\r\n-2 complete small mother of pearl buttons with 4 holes\r\n-1 medium-size possibly ceramic or celluloid white button with 4 holes\r\n-1 large and a half a large possibly ceramic or celluloid buttons with 4 holes\r\n-1 small brown either ceramic, celluloid, or modern plastic button with 4 holes\r\n-1 petal “pie crust button” with 2  holes\r\n-2 and a half-metal “inkwell” buttons with 4 holes\r\n-1 metal rounded top button with incised design\r\n-14 white porcelain buttons\r\n-1 white porcelain, round convex button (no holes)\r\n-1 metal button with a spiral pattern on the outer rim, holes on the inside\r\n-1 metal convex, round button with a small border outlining the roundest part\r\n-2 plain metal buttons\r\n-1 ornate, metal button with geometrical shapes, 8 circular bumps on the outer rim, 16 small circles around the center\r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology\r\n\r\n","license":"Metal & Ceramic","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Miscellaneous Button Colleciton"},{"label":"Creator","value":"The creators of the buttons are unknown. "},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, west Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"late 19th- early 20th Century\r\n\r\n"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Amy Zavecz"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Cultural and Historical Significance:\r\n\r\nOverall this button collection looks like it comes from the 19th century, based on the materials used, the various states of tarnish, and the mark of quality in manufacturing. Through research, it seems that the small buttons with only two holes were used in undergarments and were probably handmade based on the need of the owner/wearer. The larger buttons made from either ceramic or celluloid material (celluloid is a material only found in buttons made at the turn of the century or later) and were most likely used on everyday clothing, especially due to the simple ornate patterns. The rounded metal button was most likely fastened on the front of a coat jacket since they were used for a sturdier fasten and were not as susceptible to tear. The buckle button with writing is the hardest button to place out of the grouping. Though the writing is not completely legible, the style of font seems to indicate that this button was probably made by a button manufacturing company and displays the name of the company. Factory manufactured buttons found in more rural areas seem to indicate that their use was more for purposeful functions, rather than for fashion or status purposes and was probably seen on outerwear during the middle 19th century. \r\n\r\nThese buttons offer a very interesting look into the personal interactions of the people who lived on this site probably in the middle to late 19th century.  The materials used help to define social status as well as material availability as well as the type of clothing these people would have worn on a daily basis. Often the fabrics used to make clothing don’t survive so buttons allow for better interpretation as to what types of material culture was important to this specific society. The buckle button provides evidence that this community had access to trade or commerce which allowed for manufactured goods to be purchased and used for personal use. "}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/666/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/667/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0005 Boericke & Tafel New York Bottle","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":850,"height":510,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2365/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/36c35f1839996fc446bd551faa6297d7.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":388,"height":346,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/667/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2366/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/ae897154345825217c52ebe2fed9fc52.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":720,"height":311,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/667/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2367/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/1dede3af70fbeb2d47c7bbe6141b6407.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":264,"height":399,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/667/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2368/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/1f1874518fe6ed11a31673e751341792.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":850,"height":510,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/667/canvas.json"}],"description":"The rectangular bottle is made of amber glass and was found intact. It has Boericke & Tafel New York embossed onto the side. It stands at 6cm tall with a 2 cm diameter square base. There are two seams along the sides. The neck is round with a slight taper which could fit a cork stopper. The lip is a single ring that projects slightly towards the exterior of the neck. The interior edge where the lip meets the neck is smooth. \r\n\r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n","license":"  The materials in this collection are made available for use for educational purposes only for research, teaching and private study. Texts and images from this collection may not be used for any commercial purpose without prior permission from the Department of Anthropology, Drew University.\r\n","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Complete amber glass Boericke & Tafel bottle"},{"label":"Creator","value":"The bottle was produced for Boericke & Tafel a company specializing in homeopathic medicines and remedies starting in 1869 based in New York. \r\n"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface Collection, Zone A west Stanley Park (south of trail), Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"c. 1890"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Ava Valentino "},{"label":"Relation","value":"https://www.trocadero.com/stores/stonegate/items/1426407/Group-Boericke-Tafel-19thC-Homeopathic-Medicine-Bottles "},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Boericke & Tafel was a pharmaceutical company specializing in homeopathic medicines and remedies. Comparative examples of this amber glass bottle can be found on the internet and is described as containing pills and manufactured in the 1890’s in New York.\r\nBefore Boericke & Tafel was founded, the origins of the company can be traced to Dr. Constantine Hering, the father of american homeopathy. He practiced in Philadelphia, PA and Hans Burch Ham, NY and founded one of the first homeopathic medical colleges in America. His best selling books influenced many other practitioners of homeopathy, such as William Radde, who was a bookstore manager for J. G. Wesselhoeft. He was relocated from PA to the NY branch of the bookstore and began selling homeopathic remedies. Eventually, William Radde became the sole owner of the franchise, which, “In 1869, F. E. Boericke and A. J. Tafel formed the partnership under the name of Boericke and Tafel. Together they bought the pharmacy and book-publishing business of William Radde in New York City. A. J. Tafel moved to New York to manage the business.” (http://www.herbmuseum.ca/content/boericke-tafel). \r\nHomeopathy gave rise in the 19th century especially after the 1849 cholera epidemic. “Because of the superior results achieved by homeopathic physicians, many orthodox doctors took up the practice of homeopathy. At the same time, many of the intelligentsia were attracted to homeopathy because of its scientific basis in experimental pharmacology.” (http://www.homeoint.org/cazalet/boericke/story.htm) \r\n\tHomeopathic remedies are still produced under the name Boericke and Tafel today. The amber hue of the bottle was probably to protect photosensitive contents. A variety of compounds could have been contained in this bottle, and they were even sold as “kits” that contained a number of remedites. Typically, there was a paper label adhered to each bottle. \r\n\r\nSources\r\n\t-http://www.herbmuseum.ca/content/boericke-tafel\r\n\t-http://www.homeoint.org/cazalet/boericke/story.htm\r\n\t-http://www.boerickeandtafel.com/ \r\n-https://www.trocadero.com/stores/stonegate/items/1426407/Group-Boericke-Tafel-19thC-Homeopathic-Medicine-Bottles \r\n-https://brianaltonenmph.com/6-history-of-medicine-and-pharmacy/hudson-valley-medical-history/a-chronology-of-homoeopathy/ \r\n\r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/667/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/668/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0013  Ridgway Pottery Sherd","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":324,"height":403,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2369/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/884b5008219051c54413b6cd53256f43.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":324,"height":403,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/668/canvas.json"}],"description":"This artifact is a pottery sherd, which measures approximately 6.5cm at its longest length, and approximately 3.8 cm at its widest. It has variable thickness, between 0.3 and 0.45 cm. Due to its small size, the sherd cannot be matched to a particular form. \r\nLettering is visible on the exterior surface. The letters visible are “Stua-”, in decorative script, surrounded by a border. Beneath this is a bow and arrow, with “RIDGWAYS” written in the arrow. Below this is “ENGL-“.The design and lettering are brown to black. The bow and arrow is the maker’s mark of Ridgway pottery.","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Ridgway Pottery Sherd"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Ridgway Pottery"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"19th century"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Juliet LaVigne"},{"label":"Relation","value":" http://www.kovels.com/price-guide/pottery-porcelain-price-guide/ridgway.html\r\nJervis WP. A Pottery Primer. The O’Gorman Publishing Corps: New York 1911.\r\nhttp://www.oldandsold.com/pottery/greatbritain2.shtml\r\nhttp://www.figurines-sculpture.com/ridgway-potteries-ltd.html"},{"label":"Type","value":"Ceramics"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Ridgway is a British manufacturer of ceramics. Sources differ on the year Ridgway was founded and began production. According to some sources, production began in the beginning of the 19th century, and continued under various Ridgway companies until it became a part of Royal Doulton in the 1960s.  W.P. Jervis’s 1911 A Pottery Primer says that Ridgway pottery began with Job Ridgway, who began a small company known as Job Ridgway and Sons in the late 1780s-1790s. He later sold his interests and his sons bought it back in 1806. It was originally manufactured in Staffordshire, England. According to another source, the company was known as John Ridgway and Co from 1814, then J and W Ridgway, W Ridgway, and W Ridgway and Son. In 1836 the name then changed again to W. Ridgway, Morley, Wear, and Co.\r\nJohn Ridgway was named Potter to Queen Victoria and traveled to America in the 1820s, establishing an export trade (the pottery was only ever produced in England). The Royal Crown and the Royal Arms were frequently used in the potter’s mark after 1850.\t\r\nThe sherd is likely post 1820, when Ridgway pottery began being exported to America. It is possibly pre-1850 because it doesn’t have any royal markings. Because of the apparent confusion about the exact beginning and evolution of the Ridgway pottery brand, it was difficult to determine a more specific manufacture date; there is little information available about the variations in the Ridgway potter’s mark, although there are variations. \r\nRidgway was known for good quality porcelain with blue designs. This, and the fact that it was an import from England, might indicate that items from this manufacturer were considered a luxury good, or at least more expensive than similar, domestic items.\r\nWithout knowing the specific type of ceramic object this came from, it’s hard to speculate as to what specific cultural significance it had."}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/668/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/669/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0016 Selser's Glass Bottle","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":837,"height":1253,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2370/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/9de86aedd9d4d0e00dd49e4876318955.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":837,"height":1253,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/669/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2371/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/4cf55c4ce2825f64ac0bb5cfdc514495.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":577,"height":385,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/669/canvas.json"}],"description":"The artefact is fragmentary as it is the bottom of a glass bottle. The square bottom is intact and shows embossed letters spelling: WM A SELSER. The biggest side piece is a corner with the side bearing two embossed letters: AR.  The average glass thickness is 0.5 cm. The glass is clear with two bubbles on the bottom – each bubble having a proximate diameter of 1 mm. ","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Selsers Blossom Nectar Honey Bottle"},{"label":"Creator","value":"The artefact is likely the bottom of a WM A Selser Blossom Nectar bottle. "},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"Late 19th-early 20th century"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Juliet LaVigne"},{"label":"Relation","value":"American Bee Journal (Vol 39)\r\n\r\nFirst-fifth Annual Report of the State Bee Inspector for the Year [1912]-1916: Also Report of the Convention of the Iowa State Beekeepers' Association, Issues 1-5\r\n"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Selser sold honey in one pound and half pound bottles. The bottle was probably manufactured between the late 1880s and 1910s. Since the artefact is only a small portion of the original bottle, it is difficult to give a more accurate date. \r\n\r\nWilliam Selser bought land in Pennsylvania and started a bee farm based in Philadelphia. Selser came from a family long involved with various manufacturing industries. Earlier in his life Selser was involved with both leather tanning and fruit importing. Selser’s honey manufacturing was at one time known as the “most complete honey-bottling works” in the world. He sold honey primarily in the tristate area. \r\nWhile there is some information about his business when he first started selling honey there is little to do with the business in later years. So one can only give a general idea of the bottle’s origins. It may have been purchased and thrown out or it could have been kept and passed down through the generations. "}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/669/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/670/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0015 Maddock Pottery","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":0,"height":0,"images":[],"description":"Descriptive Information: Flat white pottery shards with the stamp of Maddock’s Lamberton Works Royal Porcelain on them. The shards are smooth to the touch but some of the glaze is beginning to flake off. I cannot tell what object this pottery shard was once was.The shards are roughly 1cm in thickness and range from 2-3cm in length to 6-7cm in length.  \r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Maddock Pottery Sherd"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Thomas Maddock & Sons, Moses Collear, C.A. May and Thomas P. Donoher."},{"label":"Date","value":"1893-1900 - for this specific print mark dates.\r\nThe company dates from 1893-1915"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Aisha Arain"},{"label":"Type","value":"Pottery - Porcelain "},{"label":"Coverage","value":"The Lamberton Works first opened in 1869 by three local Quaker businessmen. The pottery was located along Third Street between Landing St. and Lalor St., in the Lamberton section of Trenton. In 1888, Thomas Maddock purchased the pottery, renamed it the Lamberton Works Co. In 1923, one-time Maddock office boy D. William Scammell purchased, along with his five brothers, the plant and the ongoing china business from the Maddocks, which the Scammells ran successfully until it closed in 1954. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\nLamberton China was the name given to the hotel china made by Maddock Pottery Co. which was known for their manufacturing of fine grades of semi-porcelain in table and toilet wares. The firm’s primary interest was the production of toilet wares but their hotel china was used by many prominent hotel & restaurant customers included the Waldorf-Astoria, United Hotels Corp, William Penn Hotel, and train services such as the Pennsylvania, the New Jersey Central, the Union Pacific, the New York Central, and the Southern Pacific.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\nConsidering the other objects found on the site are of household items such as food containers, buttons, and doll pieces I believe that the pieces of Maddock’s pottery are probably household toilet wares or high end China. Furthermore, the indication that Maddock Pottery Co. was used by upper class businesses one could assume that the pieces found on this site come from a possible upper middle class household. However, there is also a strong possibility that a majority of this pottery could also be the result of a hoarder’s large collection of porcelain wares. Nevertheless, without any household foundations found on the site one could make a wager that this site was a local household dumping ground.   "}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/670/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/671/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0018 Krueger Brewing Beer Bottle","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":1280,"height":768,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2372/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/540cb812d74a0fa67f81bd862bab5321.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":306,"height":400,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/671/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2373/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/3fb102b1983474ccd35724e0a8c60fcf.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":1280,"height":768,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/671/canvas.json"}],"description":"Dark brown complete glass bottle. Symbol on the front of the bottle is of a glass containing beer. The bottle lettering reads “G. Krueger BWG Co. Brewery Bottling of Newark, New Jersey”. The bottle has a long neck, shoulder, and a body. The bottle measures 22cm (9 in.). \r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n","license":"Drew University","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Dark brown complete glass bottle which reads “G. Krueger BWG Co. Brewery Bottling of Newark, New Jersey”\r\n"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Krueger Brewing Co. Beer Bottle, Newark, New Jersey\r\n"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)\r\n"},{"label":"Date","value":"Late 19th - Early 20th century\r\n"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Maria Masucci"},{"label":"Type","value":"Physical Object"},{"label":"Identifier","value":"Glass Bottle"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"G. Krueger Brewing Co. takes its name from Gottfried Wilhelm Ephraim Krüger, born in Sulzfeld, Germany, November 4, 1837. He was invited to America at the age of 16 by his uncle, his mother’s brother, John Laible, who had migrated to the New World to become a brewer and started the brewery with Louis Adam. \r\nIn 1853 at the age of 16 he came through the Port of New York to begin working at the Laible-Adam Brewery. At the age of 21 he was made foreman and a naturalized citizen in 1860. In 1865 he joined with a gentleman named Gottlieb Hill to buy Louis Adam’s interest in the brewery. The plant had an output of about 4,000 barrels annually. After Hill’s death in 1875 followed by the death of John Laible, Krueger bought out both interests and became the sole owner of G. Krueger Brewing Co. The brewery had by then reached an output of 20,000 barrels per year. \r\n\r\nIn 1882 English investors allowed the brewery and its portfolio to grow further with a change to a more British bent. Krueger later started a new investment group based in the U.S. that bought out the English investors in 1908.\r\n\r\nThe Krueger Brewing Co. is also known for being the first to produce and sell beer in cans. A risky venture which did become accepted and helped the brewery to prosper further.\r\nGottfried Krueger was a contributor to many charities and rose to become a powerful political figure in Newark.  \r\n\r\nhttp://kruegerbrewingcompany.com/gottfried-krueger-brewing-beer/\r\n\r\nCanned beer made its debut on January 24, 1935. Gottfried Krueger Brewing Company working in partnership with the American Can Company delivered 2,000 cans of Krueger’s Finest Beer and Krueger’s Cream Ale to faithful Krueger drinkers in Richmond, Virginia. The choice of Virginia was made in case the innovation was not a success. \r\n\r\nCanning and the use of cans to store and distribute food stuffs were instrumental in the mass distribution of food and changes in diet by the late 19th century. Canned beer was not attempted until 1909 when the  the American Can Company made its first attempt to can beer. This was unsuccessful, and the American Can Company would have to wait for the end of Prohibition in the United States before it tried again. Finally in 1933, after two years of research, American Can developed a can that was pressurized and had a special coating to prevent the fizzy beer from chemically reacting with the tin.\r\n\r\nPurchasing cans did not require a deposit, were easier to stack, more durable, less breakable and took less time to chill. The use of cans particularly exploded during WWII when brewers shipped millions of cans of beer to soldiers overseas.\r\n\r\nhttps://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-canned-beer-goes-on-sale\r\n\r\nIn 1957 Krueger's was sold to a new group of owners headed by John Eisenbeiss although some of the Krueger family retained their interest in the company and William C. Krueger remained board chairman.  In 1958 the brewery celebrated its 100th Anniversary.   The celebration couldn't hide the fact that Krueger's was suffering a loss of market share to the national companies like Schlitz and Anheuser-Busch.  In 1961 the company was sold, the Newark plant was closed and the brand was produced by Narragansett in Cranston, Rhode Island.  The original brewing plant was leveled in 1988 to build, what else, a shopping center. \r\nhttp://www.rustycans.com/COM/month0406.html\r\nThe Krueger Brewing Company is still in existence today but is not a family owned business with breweries in Florida and Colorado.\r\n\r\nhttp://kruegerbrewingcompany.com/\r\n\r\nBrewing and Newark History and Manufacturing\r\n“Brewing success was not due to luck, but based on the fact that Newark was blessed with excellent transportation, had a skilled workforce at its disposal, contained a large beer drinking immigrant population and had secured an excellent source of plentiful and inexpensive water. Joseph G. Haynes, Newark's 20th mayor, demanded of the town's common council the promise to provide Newark citizens and industry with good water. Indeed, more than once Haynes stressed that Newarkers should not use 'filthy Passaic River water.' Largely through his efforts, the city succeeded by 1899 in using 6 million taxpayer dollars to purchase the 35,000 acres of the present Newark watershed in Sussex, Passaic and Morris counties. Along with this purchase, three reservoirs were built and an elaborate series of pipes laid to get this water to town. While fresh water provided better health for Newarkers, it also served as the backbone of one of our greatest industries. Haynes stated, 'If a single death of a human could have been traced to use of (watershed water), my opponents would have clamored—and justly—for my indictment for murder.' With the new source of water, disease-related death ended and a great industry—brewing—was further nourished.”\r\n\r\nhttps://knowingnewark.npl.org/in-a-glass-darkly-beer-marks-citys-history-brewers-benefited-from-workers-water/\r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/671/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/672/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0017 Kerosene Lamp","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":0,"height":0,"images":[],"description":"This artifact is about 1 ½in.  by ½in.  It is a wick raiser from a kerosene lamp produced by Plume and Atwood Manufacturing Co. in Connecticut in the late 19th-early 20th century. The artifact has the words “The P&A MFG Co. Acorn.”\r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Plume & Atwood Manufacturing Co. Kerosene Lamp top"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Plume & Atwood Manufacturing Co. in Connecticut"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"Late 19th century-early 20th century"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Juliet LaVigne"},{"label":"Type","value":"Metal"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Kerosene lamps were very important before the invention of the light bulb. They provided the light in which you received when it was dark outside or inside your house.  The wick raiser, which is my artifact, is one of the most important parts of the kerosene lamp. Since the wick is on fire it eventually burns down and if you cannot raise the wick then the fire would go out and then you would have to continuously restart it. The wick raiser is also used to rise and dim the light that is being produced. "}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/672/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/673/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0019 Iron Glue","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":0,"height":0,"images":[],"description":"Glass bottle, approximately 6cm wide at the base and 10cm tall. Reads “IRON GLUE McC. & CO.” on the bottom.","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Iron Glue Glass Bottle"},{"label":"Creator","value":"The mark of McC & CO can be attributed to a glass manufacturing company in Pittsburgh, PA, William McCully and Company (1841-c.1909) or McCormick’s Iron Glue of Baltimore, MD. Based on the writing, it is more likely a McCormick’s bottle."},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"Late 19th century"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Juliet LaVigne"},{"label":"Relation","value":"http://www.myinsulators.com/glass-factories/bottlemarks3.html\r\nhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/flickr-nostalgia-gallery/5737625040/\r\nhttp://www.antique-bottles.net/forum/m-36719/mpage-1/key-/tm.htm#36736\r\nhttp://www.mccormickcorporation.com/Corporate/layouts/companyHistory1890_1929.aspx\r\nhttp://www.antique-bottles.net/forum/m-36719/mpage-1/key-/tm.htm#36736"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Iron glue was one of McCormick’s first products beginning in 1889 when the company was founded by chemist Willoughby M. McCormick. The company later purchased a spice company and became known for spices. It is not known when the company stopped producing iron glue, possibly 1920.  Iron glue was used as an all-purpose glue. "}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/673/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/674/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0020 H. J. Heinz Co. Bottle","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":300,"height":300,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/item/674/anno.json","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/674/canvas.json","resource":{"@id":"/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":300,"height":300,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}}}],"description":"Clear glass octagonal bottle basal fragment. Around the broken base the bottle reads H. J. Heinz Co.  and Pat. 9 or B (it is unclear which). In the center of the base is 73 in a circle.\r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"H. J. Heinz Co. clear glass octagonal bottle basal fragment."},{"label":"Creator","value":"H. J. Heinz Co. "},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, East Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)\r\n"},{"label":"Date","value":"Between 1896 to the early 1900s\r\n"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Maria Masucci"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"The shape of the bottle, H. J. Heinz & Co.  and the number 73 embossed on the base can be used to identify the product. #73  would be a bottle hand blown in the Heinz Glass factory in Sharpsburg, PA. of flint glass between 1896-1908. #73 held several different pickled products, such as pickles, cauliflower, onions and peppers. \r\nMr. H. J. Heinz founded the company in 1869. In 1875 he sold his company to his brother John and cousin Frederick. They called their company F&J Heinz, using the initials from their first names. They eventually sold the companies back to HJ in 1888 and the name became H.J. Heinz. \r\nhttps://sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Heinzbottlecodes.pdf\r\nThe company was started by Henry J. Heinz and from a young age he began bottling vegetables. The company had various versions involving family members and associates and even bought a glass blowing factory in order to produce their own bottles. The firm reached success as H. J. Heinz around 1888 and by 1898, the firm was growing “all of its own crops, with farms in several states and different plants for different products. The company had branch offices in various states and as far away as London, England.” \r\n“Heinz strongly supported the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 and used it to his advantage (Alberts 1973:171-180). On catsup bottles, for example, he added “free from benzoate of soda”; “guaranteed pure”; and noted that his product “complied with all laws throughout the world” (Foster & Kennedy 2006:39).”\r\nhttps://sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Heinz.pdf\r\nLockhart, Bill, Beau Schriever, Bill Lindsey, and Carol Serr\r\nThe H.J. Heinz Co. and the H.J. Heinz Glass Co. \r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/674/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/675/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0021 Wayne County Produce Co. Bottle","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":750,"height":1321,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2375/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/414ddaaff93386d10cadf7b3f7e1647c.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":750,"height":1321,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/675/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2376/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/1b5c7b7953d081bca097ce2af3a6e1d1.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":300,"height":647,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/675/canvas.json"}],"description":"Top, neck and partial body of clear glass bottle with embossed emblem of Wayne County Produce Co. Directly underneath partial letting “Trade M”. Underneath is a semi-circle of alternating an dinterlaced stylized horseshoes and a motif of a petal shape flanked on either side by a dot. This is bisected in the middle by an X. Underneath it reads “REG. U.S.P”. On the bottom is the number “3” and a small square with a semi-circle on each side of it. \r\nThe full embossed writing would have been \r\nREGISTERED\r\nDO NOT REFILL\r\nWITH CIDER OR VINEGAR\r\nWAYNE COUNTY PRODUCE CO.\r\nGREENPOINT, LONG ISLAND\r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Wayne County Produce Co. partial clear glass bottle \r\n"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Wayne County Produce Co., Greenpoint, Long Island\r\n"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)\r\n"},{"label":"Date","value":"Late 19th century to early 20th century"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Maria Masucci"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"This is most likely a cider or vinegar bottle, manufactured by the Wayne County Produce Co. of Greenpoint, Long Island, NY. The warning not to refill with either of these substances may indicate that the manufacturers does not want it to be reused to fill with another brand of cider or vinegar. The Wayne County Produce Co. was involved in a court case against the Duffy-Mott company for tax recovery. This is found in Vol 51, No. 4 in February 1938 edition of the Harvard Law Review.\r\nWayne County Foods was founded in 1847 by the Knecht family. Their principal business was the manufacturing and distribution of apple cider and vinegar from the Marion, New York cider mill. The company flourished for many years under the supervision of three generations of Knechts. http://www.waynecountyfoods.com/about-us/\r\nThe Michigan State University library in their “Little Cookbook” has a booklet with recipes from the Wayne County Produce Co. extolling the virtues and healthful uses and importance of vinegar. Not only could it be used in recipes but also for cures - such as stopping bruising, cough medicine and help for tired feet. \r\n https://lib.msu.edu/sliker/object/6743/\r\nWhere Quality Counts. The Alan and Shirley Brocker Sliker Collection, MSS 314, Special Collections, Michigan State University Libraries. Available at https://lib.msu.edu/sliker/object/6743 (public domain)\r\nThe final page of the booklet gives information on the company and product. The bottles pictured on the booklet are of similar shape to that described here. \r\n\r\n“Wayne County Brand Cider WAYNE COUNTY CIDER is made ** from the pure filtered juice of carefully selected apples, picked fresh from the orchards in Upper New York State. It is healthful, invigorating and delicious tasting, a drink that is good for every member of the family. Its uses in cooking are many some tempting recipes will be found in this book. WAYNE COUNTY CIDER can always be obtained fresh in retail stores because of our unusual high standard of Service. Wayne County Quality and Service JUST a few facts that make Wayne County Quality and Service possible. The Cider mills which we operate are located in the best apple growing sections in New York State. They are equipped with the largest size hydraulic presses which grind and press over 65,000.000 lbs. of apples yearly. We have a tank storage of several million gallons. To assure the best possible service during all seasons of the year and to avoid any unnecessary delays, we have a well equipped plant at Greenpoint and maintain a large fleet of Motor and Horse-drawn vehicles that cover a radius of 100 miles from New York City. Th e service which we furnish makes it possible for the consumer to purchase Wayne County Brand Cider and Vinegar with safety at all times.\r\n The Wayne County Produce Company 221-23 5 Newell Street 200-21 6 Oakland Street Greenpoint , :-: :-: Long Island”\r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/675/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/676/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0022 Ballantine","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":0,"height":0,"images":[],"description":"The object is a light green glass bottle foot with a small portion of the wall in tact. The base has a makers mark as well as the words \"Ballantine Newark, NJ.\" There are the remains of a seam on the bottom  of the bottom that would have continued along the sides. The seam stops at the foot of the bottle. ","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Ballantine Brewery"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Ballantine Beer Company"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, center Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"late 19th-early 20th century"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Juliet LaVigne"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Cultural and Historical Significance: Ballantine Beer bottles were manufactured in Newark, NJ. The maker's mark is three overlapping rings that represent purity, body, and flavor. Peter Ballantine, the founder, invented the symbol after seeing the marks left on a wooden table from a beer can. The symbol was first used in 1879. Ballantine started Ballantine Beer in 1833 after working at a brewery for thirteen years. In 1840 he moved to Newark, NJ with his family in order to be closer to New York. In 1850 Peter Ballantine purchased land near the Passaic River to brew his beer. After many successful years and surviving prohibition y diversifying into insurance and other types of sales, the company acquired the Christian Feiganspan Brewery in Newark, NJ which ran from 1943 until 1948. By the time the second factory opened, the company focused on canning their beer instead of bottling it. This shows that this bottle was most likely from the first factory which was established in 1850 and brewed beer until the early twentieth century when they diversified during prohibition, establishing the date of the bottle between 1850 and 1920. Ballantine Beers was one of the largest producers of beer in the U.S. Their beer was mass-produced and was competitive with other companies like Anheuser Busch. "}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/676/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/677/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0024 Otto Brandt Bottle","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":912,"height":1234,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2377/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/ba1cd028fded3df9d69777b1b7cbfd0e.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":912,"height":1232,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/677/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2378/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/783654f853c8a08694a463d248bad74b.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":910,"height":1234,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/677/canvas.json"}],"description":"Intact glass bottle with missing upper portion of the neck. The bottle measures 15.7cm tall and 6.2cm in basal diameter. Some minor abrasion is apparent, potentially from the abrasive soil it was found in.\r\nThe lack of seams on the interior but presence of seams on the exterior suggests that it was made by blowing hot glass into a mold. Furthermore, the interior varies in thickness, which implies that it was blown from a single piece of glass placed inside a multi-part mold rather than being constructed of separate pressed glass elements that were fused together.\r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Glass Bottle"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Otto Brandt 287 Washington St. Newark, NJ"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, Zone East. Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"c. 1885"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Ava Valentino"},{"label":"Relation","value":"http://www.bottleland.com/idDM304.htm\r\nhttps://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/1885-otto-brandt-newark-j-blob-top-473755845 "},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Compared with other similar bottles found online, this glass bottle was most likely manufactured sometime between 1880-1890, with emphasis on the year 1885 due to a similar bottle found with “PAT 85” written on the bottom. The embossed writing on the bottle that reads, “Otto Brandt 287 Washington St. Newark, NJ” represents the bottles manufacture and identification origin. Based on internet research of bottle collector forums, Otto Brandt was one of three brothers who were all bottlers in the Newark area. Otto bottled and sold mineral and soda waters in the region from the late 1880’s to 1910, owning both a bottling plant and multiple stores to sell his wares. \r\nBased on Brandt’s type of business and trade negotiations, his products were sold to 3 counties surrounding Essex county, which includes Morris county. This was probably a daily commodity in Chatham and easily accessible to residents. "}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/677/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/678/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0028 Rue de la Cloche Cologne","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":306,"height":500,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2379/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/6e33cfbebe20cb7d5218edf19610d855.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":306,"height":460,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/678/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2380/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/b82bdde8c62cdbb1654d457c9a083ac9.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":184,"height":500,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/678/canvas.json"}],"description":"The artifact is a clear, non-coloured blown glass bottle with the bottom missing. The bottle is hexagonal with one side shaped in a convex curve, opposite the writing. It has a lipped and pinched top and has writing embossed on one of the flat sides, stating \"Rue de la Cloche No 4711 Cologne\"","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Rue de la Cloche No 4711 a Cologne bottle"},{"label":"Creator","value":"4711 brand cologne"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"Late 1800s"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Juliet LaVigne"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"This specific brand of cologne is known as a very famous and prestigious cologne in the late 1800s through to today. The writing on the bottle refers to the original house where the cologne was first invented, No. 4711 Glockengasse = meaning Clock Tower Square hence \"Rue de la Cloche\". \r\n\r\nhttps://blog.smallflower.com/4711-first-eau-de-cologne/\r\n4711 is \"the oldest Eau de Cologne born in October of 1792, when Wilhelm Muelhens received a secret recipe as a wedding gift. This recipe was for an “acqua mirabilis,” or a miracle water intended for internal as well as external use. Soon after, Wilhelm opened a manufactory in the Glockengasse (meaning “Clock Tower Square”) area of Cologne, Germany. He marketed his miracle water as a health drink served undiluted or mixed with wine.\"\r\n\r\n\"The name came about in part thanks to the French military occupation that began in 1794. Frustrated by the disorganized layout of the city, a French general had all the houses sequentially numbered. Muelhen’s house was given the number 4711, which has stuck with the brand ever since.\"\r\n\r\n\"In 1810, Napoleon decreed that all recipes for medications intended for internal use publicly list their ingredients. Muelhens didn’t want to disclose his secret recipe, so he began to market his miracle water as solely a fragrance.\"\r\n\r\n\"Peter Heinrich Molanus designed the hexagonal, upright bottle (still in use today) back in 1820. Its flat surfaces make it easier to packages for transportation, and left plenty of room for label design. At the time, it was sealed with a crown cork and included a bottle opener in the package.\"\r\n\r\n\"In 1875, Ferdinand Muelhens (Wilhelm’s grandson) registered 4711 as a brand and created the first iteration of the modern logo. In 1900 the Muelhens family finalized the design, and it hasn’t changed since.\"\r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/678/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/679/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0023 Rising Sun Brewery Bottle","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":768,"height":544,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2381/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/81c1c194874e304514c655e3d00093c8.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":768,"height":544,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/679/canvas.json"}],"description":"The artifact is the bottom of a glass bottle. It is a dark amber-brown color and has a diameter of 6.5 centimeters. The break is sharp, clean, and strictly angled. At its shortest point, the bottle is 5 centimeters tall and at its tallest point 11 centimeters. Respectively, the glass is 3/4 centimeters thick and 1/2 centimeters thick on the opposite side. The bottom base of the bottle contains the words “Karl Hutter New York” and in the center of the words is the number 13. The side of the bottle features an oval circle that contains the words “Elizabeth NJ”, the letters “RIS” and a single letter “N”. In the center of this oval and the center of these words is a mark “RSBCO” inscribed on top of one another.\r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Rising Sun Brewery Bottle"},{"label":"Creator","value":"The artifact was produced at the Rising Sun Brewery Co. in Elizabeth N.J. between 1887 and 1920. There is no information on Karl Hutter.  \r\n"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, Central Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)\r\n"},{"label":"Date","value":"Between 1887 and 1920\r\n"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Amy Zavecz"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/679/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/680/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0027 Philip's Milk of Magnesia Fragments","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":1012,"height":1356,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2382/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/c2aac73c83949a6c17ec1d827b6f0328.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":1012,"height":1356,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/680/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2383/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/ef32a35a52c67677d4966e341ef51674.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":540,"height":864,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/680/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2384/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/4856535642e3616774cf4e8d287b3208.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":455,"height":1000,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/680/canvas.json"}],"description":"The first glass fragment has a dark indigo hue to the glass, while still being opaque, and partial lettering of the disc shaped emblem, below the emblem a partial figure of the letter M, the full letter A, and a Partial letter of a C or G shape, all in capitol block print letters. Below the words underneath the emblem are two more uppercase letters in a smaller sized capitol block print in full letter form of E and C. Within the disc shaped emblem starting near the crest is a partial petite upper case block print T. The face containing the pressed glass emblem and block lettering is flat and slightly wider in glass thickness along the exposed break of the fragment than the slightly curved extended left side of the dark blue fragment.\r\nThe second glass fragment is a very light opaque blue with partial lettering and a matching disc shaped emblem to the first glass fragment. Beneath the disc shaped pressed glass emblem are large block print capitol letters N, E, S, I, and partial A. There is a large chip taken away from the fragment where a preceding letter to the N has been made indistinguishable. Within the disc shaped emblem are a smaller sized matching block print with the full letter R and a partial of a letter A.  \r\nBoth fragments have a matching disc shaped emblem about 2 inches in diameter with a shield bearing a reflected duplication of a P like symbol forming a bow shape. The outer frame of the disc pressed glass decoration on both shards of glass holds evidence of letters near the upper crest of the disc shape. The lower curve of the outer disc displays a symbol akin to the script like representation of a lower case F on the lower right side of the curve of the disc and a large dash ( \\ ) in the mid section of the lower curve. Visible on the glass fragment from the Passaic River is a large oval to the right side of the large dash found in both artifacts. ","attribution":"Ava Valentino","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Philip's Milk of Magnesia"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Philip's Milk of Magnesia"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, Sapio Creek, Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Relation","value":"https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=71016576&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearch\r\nhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/ANTIQUE-BOTTLE-PHILLIPS-MILK-OF-MAGNESIA-PAT-AUG-21-1906-COBALT-BLUE-/133432166061\r\nhttp://www.stamfordhistory.org/ind_phillips.htm"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"In comparison the glass fragments found in the Sapio Creek and the Passaic River depict the same exact disc shaped emblem in size and pattern. The largest block print lettering when transposing one fragment over the other spells out the letters (fragment) M, A (fragment) C or G, N, E, S, I, (fragment) A.  This transposition is possible because of the opacity of the glass and the cyclical curve of the center emblem. Although the full circle is no longer existing, the two curved structures when layered on top of each other spell the word magnesia.  The Sapio Creek fragment’s color is a distinctive dark indigo blue, that when compared with the Passaic river fragment, they both seem to share the same base tint, even though the fragment of the Passaic river is much visibly lighter.\r\nPhillips' Milk of Magnesia has provided stimulant-free relief of constipation for over 125 years. The original formula was introduced in 1872. Other than the original use of Milk of Magnesia as a supplemental laxative, it is also advertised as a face astringent and a deodorant."}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/680/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/681/canvas.json","label":"Postcard of Old Mill, Chatham, NJ","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":690,"height":438,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2385/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/4522c7f9043b4551bcab1118da8d9949.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":690,"height":438,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/681/canvas.json"}],"description":"This postcard in the public domain is for sale on ebay. It is entitled \"Old Mill, Chatham, NJ\" and it is postmarked 1911. ","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Postcard with a 1911 postmark showing \"Old Mill, Chatham, NJ\" "},{"label":"Date","value":"Postmarked 1911"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Notice the hoist on top of the mill for loading and unloading to wagons. The mill appears to be no longer in use when this photo was taken. "}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/681/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/682/canvas.json","label":"Photograph of Page Felt Mill c.1890","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":1050,"height":750,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2386/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/71b58dbffe64b290e699241811862844.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":1050,"height":750,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/682/canvas.json"}],"description":"Historic photograph from the Chatham Historic Society of the Page Felt Mill c. 1890","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Page Felt Mill c.1890"},{"label":"Source","value":"Chatham Historic Society"},{"label":"Date","value":"c.1890"},{"label":"Format","value":"Image"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"This photograph captures the Page Felt Mill c. 1890 in operation. The accompanying information lists the mill as producing roofing paper. The mill owner was George S. Page who owned hundreds of acres of land stretching along the Passaic River. In the background of the photograph on the hill is Martin's Villa, home to Chatham's other millionaire and Page's rival, William Martin. "}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/682/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/683/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0029 Allertons England","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":1500,"height":1125,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2387/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/891bfee7a7938a7be944e2a64d84159d.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":105,"height":104,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/683/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2388/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/b8d50df3fffa583cf060c8128832b660.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":1500,"height":1125,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/683/canvas.json"}],"description":"This artifact is a small triangular fragment of ceramic approximately 3 cm across, 2 cm in height, and 0.25 cm in width. On the exterior, it is mostly white with a few chips in it, and a light blue maker’s mark is present which says “ALLERTONS LTD ENGLAND” in a circle around a bulls-eye symbol. On the reverse side is a design showing the top of a building next to a tree in a pattern known as blue willow. Although the fragment is very small, the details are clear and match most of Allertons Ltd. designs on the Internet.","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Allertons Ltd. England pottery sherd"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Allertons Ltd. England"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"The maker’s mark on this fragment was only made between 1915 and 1929."},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Juliet LaVigne"},{"label":"Type","value":"Ceramic"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"The company manufacturing of this type of china appears to have had only one factory in Staffordshire, England. Therefore it would appear that the ceramic was imported. This fragment was found along with many others that covered a large area next to the Passaic River. The pattern on the fragment is similar to other Allertons Ltd. pottery. The blue willow design is common on their pieces and their designs seem to have an Asian influence and other pieces from this company from this time have also had “China” written below the maker’s mark."}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/683/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/684/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0038 Zeh, Scherzer & Co.","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":2500,"height":1495,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2389/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/acaaf15ea100d17bbbe72fccdbddd70a.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":2500,"height":1495,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/684/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2390/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/ed7859bbfe82a31606ee839b3fe2e2a5.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":2500,"height":1495,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/684/canvas.json"}],"description":"The condition of the sherds is good and the detail on the one sherd is intact. The design is pink flowers with green leaves. Though the pieces are broken, the maker’s mark is still fully visible on one of the sherds.","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Zeh, Scherzer & Co. pottery sherds"},{"label":"Creator","value":"The bottom of the artifact has a maker’s mark that says “mignon z.s . & co Bavaria.” This maker’s mark dates the artifact to be from 1880 to 1918. The company was settled in Germany.\r\n"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"1880-1918"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Juliet LaVigne"},{"label":"Type","value":"Ceramic"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"The company 'Zeh, Scherzer & Co.' was founded in 1880 and directly started to produce a wide range of pieces including coffee and tea sets, normal household items and tableware as well as decorated porcelain.  During January 1907 and May 1908 'Zeh, Scherzer & Co.' produced a series of items exclusively for the company from New York, 'Geo. Borgfeldt & Co.'  Being very successful in its porcelain production and sales, the company opened its own art department in 1908.  This was the height of the company’s sales and when it was most likely the most popular. The collaboration between 'Zeh, Scherzer & Co.' and the New York company shows that the porcelain that they produced was bought in the United States as well as in Germany. The company was changed into a limited company on October 7th, 1910. After becoming a limited company, the business started to expand gradually as the name of 'Zeh, Scherzer & Co.' established itself on the German market.  Due to low sales, the company stopped production in 1992.  "}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/684/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/685/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0031 MacLaren's Imperial Cheese Jar","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":656,"height":590,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2391/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/576b6dcba2bb2ca37ef19230c8618c32.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":656,"height":590,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/685/canvas.json"}],"description":"The top half of the jar is missing, and the condition overall is damaged. On the bottom of the jar however, the maker's mark of the company was preserved and is clearly visible. ","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"MacLaren's Imperial Cheese "},{"label":"Creator","value":"MacLaren Brothers"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, East (Zone 2) Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"MacLaren’s imperial cheese. Canadian company founded in 1891 by Alexander MacLaren in Stratford, Ontario. This jar was most likely manufactured after this date but before the 1920’s, when Kraft purchased the company after MacLaren’s death and changed their packaging."},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Ava Valentino"},{"label":"Relation","value":"http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/maclaren_alexander_ferguson_14E.html\r\n\r\nhttps://blog.underoverarch.co.nz/2014/01/a-changing-world/?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=7506e4f3765eeedff65a6038d4d2406a8fbee542-1603394647-0-AQjWBj_VwpRygoV2UypnrdpPSKesbNvMse3xya9bRwLizTAm1sluskT1ci4v38dwe8BzIi6hs43VpkmKOtVDqmiczry5P8UB26pB-G0CUpsqTTDQkqi_LGEsrsJT9Ww38KPgfX7_onbBDoIKRYkvRJ5r3qxfgThRqI3vSgqmlZObuWTSnisj8FdQyoN8VanrXVjFcqpJUfTjSxp07xXRKw8BaSR6T3CT6nfdFJwpniOgybSH2Rm8ZVjrSuGJvCDW2kWQ-wukDTGA0PKDbb7HyNrC4GgwYNz67LUyIylWUdM70kFVNqo_UsvJQYLxqpMogg\r\n\r\nhttps://www.historymuseum.ca/collections/artifact/109604/\r\n\r\nhttps://www.findit4deals.com/bestofcanada/contents/en-us/p701.html"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Alexander MacLaren founded his own cheese-export company in 1891 in Stratford, Ontario called MacLaren Brothers. A year later, he created his first product, MacLaren’s Imperial Cheese, which gained global popularity. It is made from ground cheddar, and was “carefully aged to achieve its signature sharp and savoury flavour.” It was considered to be one of the first soft, processed cheeses to be commercially distributed. In 1892, several branch factories were established in various parts of the country and world such as Mexico, London, New York, Japan, Africa, and Chicago. It was stored in small, milk glass jars with the maker’s mark embossed on the bottom and a label glued to the front. This was considered to be a more high-end cheese product. "}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/685/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/686/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0030","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":523,"height":853,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2392/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/b2c644be68ddd54b9c5a29f926a536f2.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":417,"height":551,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/686/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2393/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/f1f265120b0a225964f47b7e14c7d214.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":206,"height":294,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/686/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2394/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/e048682ccd9f889f7cdf408aa68846e8.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":523,"height":853,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/686/canvas.json"}],"description":"Complete milk glass bottle with embossed writing below lip reading Ingrams Milk Weed Cream. The bottle is complete and measures 5.7 cm in height and 4.5 cm wide at the base. Its opening at the top measures 3.1 cm in diameter. It has a threaded top, but no top was found. On the bottom surface it is embossed with “Bottle Pat D” followed by “No 481951”. These characters are marked in a circle around the bottom surface. \r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Ingrams Milk Weed Cream Bottle"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Fredrick F. Ingram & Co."},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)\r\n"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Amy Zavecz"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"The artifact is a bottle for a cosmetic product called “Ingram’s Milkweed Cream”  which based on the patent number, the jar was patented around the 1880s. The style of bottle ranges to as recently as the 1920s. The same bottle type is pictured in ads including one found from 1915. This product was produced by Fredrick F. Ingram & Co. and a fairly common cosmetic product geared towards women. \r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/686/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/687/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0032 Hartley's Jam","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":0,"height":0,"images":[],"description":"This object stands at about 2 3/4 inches tall with a 3 inch diameter. It is earthenware pottery and is an off-white color with a shiny glaze finish. The outside is mostly smooth with vertical ridges that create a pattern, while the inside is completely smooth. The bottom of the artifact is marked with symbols, lettering, and incomplete words such as \"PHarley's Label\" and \"UNL\" followed by what looks to be an \"ES\" and below it, \"ARING\"\r\nThere is also a symbol with an \"M\" flanked by two \"F\"","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Hartley's"},{"label":"Creator","value":"William Pickles Hartley (William Hartley & Sons Limited)"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, Central Zone, Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"1871-1884"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Ava Valentino"},{"label":"Relation","value":"https://www.ebay.com/itm/W-P-Hartleys-Marmalade-Rare-Antique-1870s-English-Stoneware-Jam-Crock/274549948598?hash=item3fec73c0b6:g:ur0AAOSwDkJfjSdE\r\n\r\nhttp://letslookagain.com/2015/02/sweet-success-a-history-of-hartleys-jam/"},{"label":"Type","value":"Ceramic "},{"label":"Coverage","value":"The Hartley company manufactured jams and marmalades in distinctive earthenware jars, such as this one here. Sir William Pickles Hartley founded the company in 1871 in England, which gained much popularity in the country. Eventually, it became a regular export to other European countries. Several factories were established throughout England, and Hartley's jams entered the London market. By 1912, his company was the largest jam manufacturer in the world. Today, it remains as Britain's leading brand of jam. "}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/687/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/688/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0036 Felt Hat Fragments","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":960,"height":720,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2395/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/4919990145be7af91c5a720883672d1f.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/688/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2396/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/5d735a929d3cae093cd42e88e9d1fd29.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/688/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2397/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/855c1811d333bb60d566c0c4e2c5f7c6.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/688/canvas.json"}],"description":"Large felt hat, what looks to be a beret","attribution":"Unknown","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Unknown"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Unknown"},{"label":"Date","value":"Late 1800's"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Ava Valentino"},{"label":"Type","value":"Felt"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/688/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/689/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0041 James Keiller & Son's Dundee Marmalade","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":2048,"height":1536,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2398/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/212d12c9d25aa1b864a5e1eba54724da.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":2048,"height":1536,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/689/canvas.json"}],"description":"These are irregular, partial sherds of glazed ceramic with a white/off-white background and black lettering. On the smallest piece, the letters “KEI--” are legible and there is a leaf pattern above them. On the medium piece, the letters “--R MARMAL-- 1862 –AIN” are legible and there is also a partial leaf pattern. On the largest piece, the letters “& SON'S --DEE --ALADE” are legible and the leaf pattern appears to be in a semi-circular formation around the words. The thickness of the sherds varies due to processes of natural transformation. The glaze is worn off from most of the interior surfaces but the area with glaze intact measures 0.4cm thickness. This is the thickest area on any of the sherds. The smallest sherd measures approximately 2.5cm x 1.5cm, the medium sherd approximately 4cm x 4cm, and the largest sherd approximately 4.5cm x 5cm.\r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"James Keiller & Son's Dundee Marmalade"},{"label":"Creator","value":"James Keiller & Son's Dundee Marmalade"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"1862-1898"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Ava Valentino"},{"label":"Type","value":"Ceramic"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"By the 1870s, the popularity of marmalade had increased. According to the Maling Collectors' Society Newsletter, a great number of the 19th-century pots have been found all over America, from Michigan to Hawaii. Keiller & Son's would have been shipping around the world at this point, thanks to Britain's territorial power. In 1870 the sugar duty was halved and then abolished in 1874, reducing the price of marmalade manufacturing and making it more available to lower-income consumers. Because the sherds are clearly from three separate jars, it can be assumed that the marmalade was a common item in the area, or at least a kitchen staple for one household. Women who might be working in factories or simply seeking to make their household tasks easier, would increasingly be purchasing ready-made goods from grocers. The appearance of branded goods suggests the burgeoning grocery business around the turn of the century 20th century. This would agree with the estimated date being around the late 19th-early 20th century. Though these jars would have been relatively common in the area at the time, they tell a part of the bigger story of the grocery business which would have been a new and revolutionary enterprise and would grow and evolve with America's changing values over the 20th century.\r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/689/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/690/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0039 Stafford Ink Bottle","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":0,"height":0,"images":[],"description":"The artifact is a fragment of a bottle; the base of the bottle. The width of the base is 5 ½ cm. The total height of the artifact is 8 cm. The average thickness of the glass is approximately 2/10 cm. The identifiable part of the artifact is the writing on the bottom part of the bottle. The lettering on the bottle is “S.S. Staffo/ Made in”","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"S.S. Stafford Ink Bottle"},{"label":"Creator","value":"S.S. Stafford Ink Company, New York, USA"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"Late 1800s to early 1900s"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Juliet LaVigne"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"   These bottles were made in the late 1800s. S.S. Stafford was making ink as early as 1858, but the company did not start producing ink commercially until 1869. If the total size of the bottle was reconstructed, a more specific date could be estimated. By understanding the size of the bottle we could look at the records and when this size of bottle was first introduced into the market. \r\nDuring the 19th century, America had a booming ink industry. The ink industry included open wards of 300 different ink makers. All of them were spread out over America. Those best known were Davids, Maynards and Noyes, Carter, Underwood, Stafford, Moore, Davis, Thomas, Stanford, Barnes, Morrell, Walkden, Lyons, Freeman, Murray, Todd, Bonney, Pomeroy, Worthington, Joy, Blair, Cross, Dunlap, Higgins, Paul, Anderson, Woodmansee, Delang, Allen, Stearns, Gobel, Wallach, Bartram, Ford and Harrison. S.S. Stafford Ink Company was founded in New York. “Stafford’s Ink” combined writing and copying ink. S.S. Stafford Ink Company made an appeal in the district court of the southern district of New York. In the 1920s S.S. Stafford Ink Company was in court over a bottle stopper. They brought to court Thaddeus Davids Ink Company, arguing that Davids Ink Co. had taken their produce without prepared consent and sold it on their bottles. This shows how S.S. Stafford had become a big part of the industry. They were making new bottle designs, and also harshly competing with the other ink companies near them."}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/690/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/691/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0040 Gulden's Mustard Bottle","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":526,"height":790,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2399/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/30e009d6fb4b6769a8a68151726c681d.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":526,"height":790,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/691/canvas.json"}],"description":"The artifact is a partially intact clear glass bottle. Although it is a fragmented artifact, most of the bottle is intact. The fragment suggests that the original artifact was not perfectly cylindrical but rather smallest in diameter at the top and bottom and thickest in the middle. The glass is unscathed and clear with very few blemishes. There is partial lettering, and all of the letters on the bottle are clearly readable. These letters are not painted on; they are formed into the glass. The fragment has approximately 6cm in diameter. The fragment measures 7cm in height, however, it does not seem that the fully intact bottle would be more than a few centimeters taller than the fragment. Both the bottom and sides of the bottle were approximately .4cm thick.","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Gulden's Mustard Bottle"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Gulden's Mustard"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)\r\n"},{"label":"Date","value":"The lettering on this artifact clearly states the words \"Gulden:Chase\" with \"New York\" written underneath. The shape and size of the artifact are very similar to that of mustard bottles that were manufactured between the 1890s and the 1920s. There are several documented photographs of bottles also manufactured by Gulden during these times that have the same barrel design as the artifact found also the Passaic River. These bottles are quite bulbous and are meant specifically for mustard. Their bulbous structure allows for easy extraction of the sauce-like condiment. This artifact appears to be a mustard bottle manufactured between 1850 and 1930. The first prototype for this bottle was patented in 1845 and slight variations of the barrel shape were made until the company converted to plastic bottles in the late 20th century."},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Juliet LaVigne"},{"label":"Relation","value":"Lambert, Tim. A History of Condiments. http:www.localhistories.org/condiments.html\r\nSociety for Historical Archaeology, identifying bottles: http://www.sha.org/bottle/food.htm#Barrel%20mustard\r\nhttps://sha.org/bottle/Typing/food/guldenad.jpg "},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Before the invention of modern food preservatives and fixtures such as refrigerators, spices, sauces, and condiments were almost necessary for eating food. Salt, the first condiment widely used, was used to mask the taste of meat that was less than fresh. It is difficult to interpret the cultural meaning of a condiment like mustard during the early 20th century. However, given this good housekeeping advertisement from 1922, it seems that Gulden's Mustard was advertised as a condiment to be used in upper-class homes. The advertisement shows a hefty steak on top of expensive china with bright silverware and Gulden's Mustard on the side to make the perfect meal. This shows that mustard was a higher class condiment and if you could afford it, it showed status. The advertisement is trying to make people think that they are fancy and higher-class if they buy Gulden's mustard. They want to show that the food will taste better, like high-class food."}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/691/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/692/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0037 Tar Felt","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":960,"height":720,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2400/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/5c8e03985a77f8b79ea7a43256bbb3ae.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/692/canvas.json"}],"description":"Multiple pieces of felt, of different sizes and shapes, covered with black tar on both sides of most, and with little gravel pebbles only on one side of some.  A few of the pieces seem to have been melted, possibly in a fire.","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Tar-Covered Felt Shingles"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Unknown, possibly the Stanley Coal Tar Mill"},{"label":"Source","value":"Stanley Park West"},{"label":"Date","value":"Mid to Late 1800s"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Emily Graves"},{"label":"Relation","value":"The felt clothes items found at the site."},{"label":"Format","value":"Tar"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"It was common in this time period for mills to be repurposed as demands changed.  As the Stanley Felt Paper Mill stopped producing clothes items in the late 1800s, they instead began to cover the felt they were producing with tar in order to create roof shingles.  As there was evidence of felt clothes pieces and uniformly sized tar-covered felt pieces found at the site, this supports that idea."}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/692/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/693/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0033 Round Bottom Glass Bottle","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":1600,"height":1600,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2401/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/46e374c4f18c86c781a0c6bcca9b4f91.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/693/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2402/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/d7d078a88a5701781354440a7eb10134.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":1200,"height":1600,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/693/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2403/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/32783f1a5c79688c3b59f734d924efaf.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":1600,"height":1200,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/693/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2404/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/2d609173b0ec4e68bd010957196d88e0.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":1140,"height":1520,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/693/canvas.json"}],"description":"Fragments and partially complete, green-tinted, rounded bottom glass bottles. One basal fragment is approximately 5.5 centimeters wide from one side of the bottle to the other. The glass is approximately 1 cm thick. No markings are visible. \r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Round bottom green-tinted glass bottle \r\n"},{"label":"Creator","value":"No markings visible indicating manufacturer. Similar bottles were typically used for mineral water or carbonated soda drinks manufactured and used between approximately 1870-1910 and often manufactured in Great Britain. \r\n"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)\r\n"},{"label":"Date","value":"Similar bottles from advertisements and catalogs range from the late 19th and early 20th c. \r\n"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Maria Masucci"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"These bottles were likely either for mineral water or carbonated soda drinks. This type of bottle was intentionally manufactured with a rounded bottom so that the bottles would lie on their side; the design would prevent the wired down cork from drying out and shrink which would have allowed the contents to loose carbonation and/or evaporate. The bottle type is often referred to as “round bottom sodas” or “ballast bottles” or can be found now referred to as torpedo bottles. The latter name stems from the belief that such bottles were shipped from England to the United States as “ballast,” or weight, in the cargo bays of ships. Usually, this kind of bottle was made in a two-piece mold, though variations were hand-blown. According to historical dating of such bottles, one such as this could have been produced in the United States or Great Britain. According to online resources for antique bottles, the vast majority of this bottle type found in the United States is from Great Britain, specifically the countries of England and Ireland. It is known that the bottles may even have been produced overseas for distributors in the United States such as seen in the Illinois Glass Company’s 1906 catalog, offering a round bottom “ginger ale” bottle design that was very common in the United Kingdom. \r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/693/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/694/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0059","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":0,"height":0,"images":[],"description":"Metal four holed button with embossed lettering reading John Wanamaker \r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"John Wanamker 4 Holed Metal Button\r\n"},{"label":"Creator","value":" John Wanamaker "},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, west Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)\r\n"},{"label":"Date","value":"Late 19th Century"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Amy Zavecz"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/694/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/695/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0063 U.S. Navy Buttons","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":6000,"height":4000,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2405/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/6b0cc2326571bdc401bccd1ea331aa93.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":6000,"height":4000,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/695/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2406/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/b6d54e2bfd80738ed9b057d91903f2a9.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":6000,"height":4000,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/695/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2407/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/9ae844deec3e70b475b96b4f8ee0f8ea.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":6000,"height":4000,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/695/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2408/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/0b38e6a81633b901996c55401f4ae6ff.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":6000,"height":4000,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/695/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2409/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/5e7ae0dc674f69aa6f52b0703e1c7f08.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":6000,"height":4000,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/695/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2410/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/4cfd2be029434ea38aa1745aa5a234b1.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":602,"height":306,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/695/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2411/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/e2edf7138c039fad1a1e67ff1f0a633d.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":500,"height":500,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/695/canvas.json"}],"description":"2 small metal shank buttons, about 1.5cm wide each\r\nBoth are corroded but contain raised images of an eagle, an anchor, rope, and five-point stars\r\nOne is flat and the other is convex\r\n1 metal shank button with an image of an anchor in the center, small border around the front, convex shape, and about 1.5cm wide","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"U.S. Navy"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Unknown (would say on the back of the button)"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, West Zone, Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"1830's-1850's"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Ava Valentino"},{"label":"Relation","value":"https://www.usmilitariaforum.com/forums/index.php?/topic/173001-us-military-uniform-buttons-interesting-facts/\r\nhttps://www.georgewashingtoninauguralbuttons.com/1794-1865-the-united-states-navy-the-republic-of-texas-confederate-navy/ \r\nhttps://www.usmilitariaforum.com/forums/index.php?/topic/254966-my-us-navy-uniform-button-collection-1800-1865/"},{"label":"Type","value":"Metal"},{"label":"Identifier","value":"Albert, Alphaeus H. Record of American Uniform and Historical Buttons ... 1775-1976. Boyertown Pub. Co., 1977. "},{"label":"Coverage","value":" Military buttons and shanks underwent numerous transformations of design patterns since the late 1700’s. This popular design was manufactured for 15 years and included variants of the original style, including the eagle facing the opposite direction and the size of the anchor and rope. Each variant however, always featured 13 five-point stars around the eagle standing on top of the anchor. The button featured a loop shank and was a 2-piece build. \r\nThe other metal shank button design matches buttons found during the Civil War (1861-1865) in both the Union and the Confederate Navies.This indicates that this community was not isolated during the time of the Civil War and might further provide evidence to their involvement to (most likely) the Union cause."}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/695/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/696/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0062 Corset Pieces","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":1180,"height":1138,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2412/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/bc53a2a9427bfc46910a3994244c7ab6.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/696/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2413/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/12de33c12bdc87eaaed24adb26413123.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/696/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2414/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/cf1965f2f76dfa590a566e8a5b3e0af5.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/696/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2415/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/299363512601e3c7cf7c37b173c413ea.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/696/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2416/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/84344e0c3b36992d7431440d8c41958d.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/696/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2417/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/1e98d3833715ef2b5219b89730fcea35.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":1180,"height":1138,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/696/canvas.json"}],"description":"Over 20 pieces of metal corset slots/pegs from corset busks. Oval-like shapes with an opening in the center and 2 raised bumps/circles on the corners of the opposite end. Some vary in size and shape, with rectangular fragments attached to the back (rest of the busk)\r\n9 round, ring pieces of corset grommets and eyelets. Rusted condition and some have deteriorated. ","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Corsets"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Unknown"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, West Zone, Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"1829-"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Ava Valentino"},{"label":"Relation","value":"https://twitter.com/bostonNHP/status/1306602431002935296\r\nhttps://vintagefashionguild.org/lingerie-guide/edwardian-corsets-early-19th-century/\r\nhttps://www.famsf.org/blog/corsets-context-history#:~:text=1848%20%7C%20Joseph%20Cooper%20invents%20the,adopted%20from%20the%201850s%20onward.\r\nhttp://tahliamckellartextiles.weebly.com/corset-timeline.html\r\nhttps://adamselindisdress.blog/tag/split-busk/"},{"label":"Type","value":"Metal"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"   Corsets of the 19th century reflected a more natural form of the female body. Though the hourglass figure and small waist were still coveted, the waistline of the corset dropped to a natural position compared to earlier designs of the corset. The fashion of the era called for high waisted and long flowing dresses, requiring heavily boned corsetry and tight lacing to achieve the desired figure. To ease this intense process of lacing, French Corsetier, Jean-Julien Josselin, invented the split busk in 1829, a front facing slot and stud closure to remove a corset without unlacing. This became extremely popular after Joseph Cooper patented the design in 1848 in America. \r\nCorsets were used by all women, regardless of class, to represent and showcase their beauty. These undergarments were even used on young children and teenage girls to begin shaping their bodies and preparing for womanhood."}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/696/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/697/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0064 Misc. Suspender and Garter Pieces","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":3290,"height":2279,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2418/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/39f36eb47a9da6954f6fcd73c0db0e12.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/697/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2419/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/9d34a4921fcba785f161800dbe9f7883.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/697/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2420/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/be764e8fb5669177ce937ecb8f1314c0.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/697/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2421/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/de76bc3ca1ae21cd653844c93e122c38.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/697/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2422/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/a4c54819c427da574e73e2851cd7ff0d.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/697/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2423/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/a0e37831e0e0cd9230ccfbad83d0e022.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/697/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2424/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/9b2c7b9c53b1693faa145c182407f3ac.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/697/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2425/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/5dc1a0f7de4af534ced4750bfc8d667c.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/697/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2426/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/cb644d86fca0f1b178d0bef1df97b72f.JPG","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":960,"height":720,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/697/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2427/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/b6e81be5744b58e428e9164bea7fe80c.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":1156,"height":1376,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/697/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2428/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/30e6157c25427ed8c53caece84eacd6a.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":996,"height":714,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/697/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2429/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/f0f9b16555f479e47513ce4600e45f3a.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":3290,"height":2279,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/697/canvas.json"}],"description":"This collection includes: \r\n-13 metal suspender buckles and adjusters in various sizes, shapes, and designs\r\n-22 metal pieces composed of 2 connected pieces featuring a hole in the center on the end\r\n-4 small rings pieces that fit through the above pieces\r\n-5 metal thin pieces with an opening on the end (supposed garter hooks/clips)","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Miscellaneous Suspender and Garter Metal Pieces"},{"label":"Creator","value":"Unknown, Various"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, West Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"19th century"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Ava Valentino"},{"label":"Relation","value":"http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2037331,00.html\r\nhttp://diggingi95.com/features/high-priority-features-section-8/section-8-feature-5-personal-accessories/\r\nhttps://vintagedancer.com/victorian/victorian-mens-fashion-history/\r\nhttp://www.kristinholt.com/archives/5027"},{"label":"Type","value":"Metal "},{"label":"Coverage","value":"The suspender pieces featured in this collection include a mix of buckles and adjuster pieces, along with other unidentifiable but related metal pieces that could have belonged to other areas on the suspender strap or garter belt. \r\n\r\nAn integral piece of men’s fashion during the 18th, 19th, and early 20th century was suspenders, or known as “braces” in Britain. Suspenders were composed of several diverse, metal pieces that fastened, tightened, and loosened the strap pieces according to each person’s desired fit and length. They were essential to keeping undergarments and outer garments in place, and served as a fashionable and decorative accessory. In fact, women and children wore them for the same purpose! Suspenders first appeared in 18th century France as strips of ribbon attached to the buttonhole of trousers, and were not meant to be seen or worn on the outside of garments. Beginning in the early 1820’s, British designer Albert Thurston provided a solution to the profoundly high-waisted pants men wore according to the fashion of the day. Suspenders that attached via leather loops were manufactured to replace the belt in these cases, since men’s pants were very high above the hip. Original designs show suspender straps made of tightly woven wool known as “boxcloth” and formed an “H” when attached at the back. They were made in two separate bands, with leather tabs and buttonholes, and one end adjustable with a buckle.  Later designs were made in knitted and crocheted cotton, embroidered in colored silks, lined with silk, and featured an X-back that later transformed into the Y-back. \r\n\r\n“Braces form a necessary adjunct to a gentleman’s wardrobe and they are generally pleased to have them prettily worked” (Britain, Woman’s Domestic Magazine, Patterns, Fashions and Needlework, 1865). \r\n\r\nThe design and function of a single suspender clasp based off of image Cat # 8.47.12 are as follows: “A single suspender clasp stamped from copper alloy sheet metal, plated with a white metal, was recovered from this shaft feature (Cat # 8.47.12). The clasp features a detailed, stamped decoration consisting of beaded bands with a small floral and scroll motif. A wide, flat hook projects from one long edge and would have connected to a large metal ring to secure the ends of the suspender. This mechanism would allow the suspenders to be unhooked at the ring, while the straps and ends remained secured to the pants.” (http://diggingi95.com/features/high-priority-features-section-8/section-8-feature-5-personal-accessories/)\r\n\r\nThe suspender end design created by E.W. Whittaker was patented on August 13, 1889. It features a design and shape almost exact to one of the suspender buckles in the collection (first picture, buckle in the bottom left hand corner). \r\n\r\nGarter belts and hose (stocking) supporters were used to hold up men, women, and children stockings to prevent them from falling down constantly. For men’s garters and hose supporters, they were usually made of silk and came in various colors. A clip from the garter was affixed to the sock edge and were made adjustable to fit comfortably below the knee. These pieces were not meant to be seen, hidden under trouser legs. For women, a more intricate design was manufactured and transformed over decades that featured a type of belt with hose supporters attached on each side. They were long straps with clips at the end that fell along the outside of the thigh that was then connected to the stocking. An earlier form of this combination belt, the girdle (corset combined with supporter straps), was replaced with garter belts, as they were easier to handle and less bulky, liberating the female figure. "}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/697/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/698/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0058 John Wyeth & Bro Bottle","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":669,"height":1024,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2430/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/5832ff883649c318131326a91df3a919.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":669,"height":1024,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/698/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2431/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/c5e5ac1446dcb0b13ef17ba785e3d384.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":443,"height":1024,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/698/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2432/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/16f6968a57533c565677cc6463877b70.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":470,"height":1024,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/698/canvas.json"}],"description":"Blue glass bottle fragment with “Pat. May 16TH 1899” embossed on bottle base and on the bottle side embossing ending in “...& Bro.” The bottle is fragmentary and only part of the side and base are present but the shape is of a square sided bottle. \r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Blue glass bottle fragment with embossing identifying it as a John Wyeth & Bro. Medicine Bottle"},{"label":"Creator","value":"John Wyeth & Bro. \r\n"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)\r\n"},{"label":"Date","value":"Late 19th to early 20th century"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Maria Masucci"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"  Complete examples of this bottle type with this same embossing are from John Wyeth & Bro. and the bottle rim would have had a dose glass resting on it and the bottle said “TAKE NEXT DOSE AT” and then a mark so the dose glass can be rotated to the hour marked at its base. \r\n\r\nThis type of bottle was patented in 1899. Only the older bottles from this manufacturer are blue but it is not known when this bottle color was phased out. These bottles were handblown until 1910 which is also around the estimated time when the deep cobalt blue was discontinued. \r\n\r\nThis bottle represents a medicine bottle but since the same bottle was used for various medicines it is impossible to say for sure which type of medicine, but the same shape of bottle with its label intact  contained sodium phosphate; “A mild and pleasant Laxative Employed in the Treatment of Constipation, Obesity, Children’s Diarrhea, Rickets, Jaundice, etc.\r\n\r\nAccording to Baybottles - an antique bottle website:\r\nhttps://baybottles.com/2018/12/19/john-wyeth-bro-philadelphia/\r\n“The business of John Wyeth & Brother originated in 1861 when John and Frank Wyeth formed a partnership and opened an apothecary store in Philadelphia.  The company and its several successors have remained in business for over 150 years, ultimately becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer in 2009.\r\n\r\nA graduate of the Philadelphia School of Pharmacy, prior to founding John Wyeth & Brother, John Wyeth had partnered with Henry C. Blair under the name of Blair & Wyeth, in a Philadelphia pharmacy business located at Eighth and Walnut Streets. His brother Frank Wyeth, also a Philadelphia School of Pharmacy graduate, worked for the business as chief clerk.\r\n\r\nOn July 1, 1861 the Blair & Wyeth partnership was dissolved and the brothers formed a new partnership under the name John Wyeth & Brother. Notices for both the dissolution of the old business and establishment of the new business were printed in the July 2, 1861 edition of the Philadelphia Inquirer.”\r\n\r\nTheir entrance into drug manufacturing appears to be driven by the increased need for drug related supplies as a result of the Civil War. Wyeth’s obituary, in the April 1907 edition of a pharmaceutical magazine called “The Spatula,” stated:\r\nWhen the Civil War broke out he secured a big contract to furnish the Government with medicinal supplies, and from this began the manufacturing of pharmaceutical articles.\r\n\r\nEarly in their history the business became famous for their sweetened tinctures which they called elixirs. A story featuring Wyeth in the March 28, 1881 edition of the Montreal Gazette described their elixirs like this:\r\nThe elixirs are drug compounds, made up in an elegant and palatable shape; drugs which are nauseating in the ordinary form are in this guise cordials which a patient can take with relish and which the weakest and most sensitive stomach will not reject.\r\n\r\nThe company was sold to American Home Products in the early 1930s after the death of the son of John Wyeth. \r\n\r\nOne of the headquarters of American Home Products and then Wyeth was located in Madison, New Jersey, next to Drew University for the latter part of the 20th century and early 21st century. \r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/698/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/699/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0046 - Greenwood China Dish Fragment\r\n\r\n","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":0,"height":0,"images":[],"description":"A sherd of white ware pottery with a small portion of the foot visible on the underside. There is also a small imperfection on the underside of the artifact on the outside lip. In the middle of the underside GREENWOOD CHINA is stamped and underneath that is Trenton, N.J. And above all the writing is a small squiggle. All marks on the piece appear in a light green color. ","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"A sherd of white ware pottery with GREENWOOD CHINA stamped as an identifier. "},{"label":"Creator","value":"Greenwood pottery Co"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"Circa 1862. "},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Aisha Arain"},{"label":"Type","value":"White Ware Pottery\r\n"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Greenwood pottery Co. was established in 1862 by William Tams, an experienced potter from Staffordshire, England, who went into business with several Trenton investors. It was one of the largest producers of household and hotel china and remained in existence for more than 70 years. For a short period of time in the 1880s, it produced high quality art porcelain known as Ne Plus Ultra. This artifact, however, is not porcelain and therefore not the high quality ware referred to in the 18800s. This was most likely a plate based on the size and shape of the artifact which according to http://pages.tias.com/7401/PictPage/1920693965.html is 1-1/2” L; 5-7/8” when whole. \r\nThis piece appears to be fairly widely produced and distributed due to its being found in Wyoming while being manufactured in New Jersey. It seems as if the ceramic may have been cheap and the picture above was listed for sale online for sale at $3.75. It is unclear whether the company still exists or went out of business therefore all that is known is that the piece originated post 1862. This artifact found on the east side of the survey area seems to further indicate a possible home or hotel based on the fact that the same type of pottery was found at a historic hotel in Wyoming. It is interesting to note that a selective collection at a hotel historic site in Yellowstone National Park at the Yellowstone Lake Hotel found 22 pieces of chinaware identified as being Greenwood China and Co. from Trenton N.J. The army was at one point stationed in the park and supposedly added a mark to their pottery denoting that it was ‘quartermasters corp.’; although this was only until 1916. \r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/699/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/700/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0047 - Alderney Dairy Co. Bottle Base","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":0,"height":0,"images":[],"description":"The artifact is in one piece, a broken glass shard of irregular shape. It was plainly once circular, and formed the end of a cylindrical shape. Most likely this is the bottom of a bottle. It is marked with an ‘F’ in the center and along the edges ‘T.F’M’G Co., ‘PAT’, and ‘9’0 are clearly seen. The rest of the information they formerly conveyed, as well as their context, has been lost with other bottle pieces.\r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"A broken glass shard of irregular shape. "},{"label":"Creator","value":"Alderney Dairy Company, "},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"Circa 1880. "},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Aisha Arain"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"‘T.F’M’G Co.’ is a marking typical of the bottoms of milk bottles produced by the Alderney Dairy Company, once located at 26 Bridge Street, Newark. Both Alderney and T.F’M’G have long ago passed into obscurity; the exact date was undeterminable, however it is likely that the Alderney company based in the greater Newark area closed down some time prior to 1938. Very little information seems to remain of the old Alderney company outside of old photographs of their milk bottling facilities. The business may have shut down due to the Great Depression or just the flow of business. The bottle shards would seem typical of a bottle in the style of the complete bottle produced by Alderney Dairy, Newark in 1889. \r\nThe bottle shards were found in an area that has long been used as a garbage dump (the designation of the site area as a park hasn’t stopped this practice completely; plenty of modern trash may be found next to items which may be over a hundred years old), so I believe the item’s significance is one of an everyday object, something quite common in the time of its manufacture and use. The bottle must have been considered disposable enough to discard at some point; either intentionally as a whole bottle once used, or as a consequence of breaking the bottle in some other way. If it were more precious, repair could have been attempted.\r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/700/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/701/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0034 - Lea & Perrins Worcestershire Bottle and Stopper\r\n","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":146,"height":264,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2460/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/bb2b8e6b834beae40e601773341db61a.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":146,"height":264,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/701/canvas.json"}],"description":"An American Lea & Perrins Worcestershire Bottle. The initials ‘JDS’ on the bottom of the bottle stand for ‘John Duncan Sons’ – the original importer of Lea & Perrins Worcestershire Sauce, located in New York. If the mold seam continues straight through to the top of the bottle, it was made after 1890. If the mold seam stops just before the finish, the bottle was made prior to 1890.","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"An American Lea & Perrins Worcestershire Bottle. "},{"label":"Creator","value":"Lea & Perrins Worcestershire Sauce by Salem Glass Works"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"Circa 1870. "},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Aisha Arain"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"The ‘JDS’ bottle for Lea & Perrins Worcestershire Sauce was first made in 1876 by the Salem Glass Works, Salem New Jersey. Prior to that full bottles were imported from England. The lettering on the bottle guaranteed the customer of the original and genuine Worcestershire sauce. Often copied but never duplicated, it was widely imitated in the 19th century.\r\nIn the beginning, John Duncan had a license for importing Lea & Perrins Worcestershire sauce into America. He had his own bottles made in England, filled there, and then shipped to America. Later Duncan obtained a new license, and began bottling L&P Worcestershire in America. The first bottles manufactured in America were made in 1876 by the Salem Glass Works in Salem, NJ. Numerals shown on the bottom of the bottle are not part of the trademark, but the numbers are the serial number of the mold that made the bottle. The number will differ because different molds were use. The green color of the bottle is a result of an impurity (iron) in the sand that was used to make the glass. The L&P bottle is a reflection of life at the site. The site may have been a community or a place where people lived. \r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/701/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/702/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0048 - Consolidate Fruit Jar Company Lid\r\n","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":221,"height":210,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2459/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/f16efc0d7e90e61660640243d602648a.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":221,"height":210,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/702/canvas.json"}],"description":"This is a round, flat, white piece of milk glass with two consecutive rings outside of it with the inscription ‘Consolidated Fruit Jar Company, New York’ around the outermost ring. It is about 3.5 inches in diameter. The center circle has a symbol on it and the writing, rings, and symbol are all raised.\r\nIt is a circle of milky, opal-colored glass, 6.5 mm in diameter. 2 outer concerntric rings surrounding a center circle of 3mm in diameter. Center circle has raised marker’s mark and the outermost circle has ‘Consolidated Fruit Jar Company, New York’ pressed on it. Underside has a number ‘12’ pressed into it and one outer concentric circle of 1mm surrounding inner circle of 5.5mm diameter. It was used to separate the fruit and the metal closures in canned fruit jars to make the fruit more ‘sanitary’. \r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Milk-Glass Jar Insert"},{"label":"Creator","value":"The Consolidated Fruit Jar Company "},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"1871-1908. \r\n"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Aisha Arain"},{"label":"Type","value":"Glass"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"The Consolidated Fruit Jar Company operated out of New Brunswick, NJ between 1871 and 1908. It was owned by Lewis R. Boyd, who is most famous for the patent of this object which is a white milk-glass insert for zinc screw lids on hand-blown glass jars that was used to keep food from coming in contact with the metal so that it would preserve for longer. During 1871 and 1885 companies used outside contractors to make their lid-liners following a large factory fire. This type of glass lid-liner was patented in 1869 by Louis R. Boyd. Lewis R. Boyd and his company – The Sheet Metal Screw Company – patented a white ‘milk-glass’ insert for zinc screw lids to theoretically lessen the chances that food would come in contact with metal in 1869. Boyd became a partner in the Consolidated Fruit Jar Company in 1871, which was based in New Brunswick, New Jersey. This company contracted out with many other companies to produce their mason jars, a very popular item at the time. They stopped being manufactured around 1885, and the company went out of business in 1908. \r\nSince the glass lid dates from the late 1800s to the early 1900s, it could mean that this area of the Passaic River was in use at this time, unless the lid drifter downstream from another site, but this in unlikely since the jar top was found buried. Since the lid would have been on some sort of food product, it could indicate that this area was a popular picnic spot of the late 1800s, as it is today, or that this area was lived in and the jar lid was a commonplace item in a home of this time. Since this part of the Passaic River is on the outskirts of New York City, perhaps Madison was a popular weekend spot for New Yorkers during this time period to get out of the city, relax, and picnic. The presence of this object helps us to date possible settlements near the Passaic River and supports the hypothesis of this area being a lower class area. These jars were mass produced and relatively inexpensive. It also implies that instead of a housing barrack for just male workers, that women and children might have lived here. \r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/702/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/703/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0045 - P. & J. Arnold Ink bottle produced by J. Bourne & Son potters\r\n","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":0,"height":0,"images":[],"description":"The bottle is ceramic which appears wheel thrown due to streak marks and cut base. Brown outside probably from a sort of glaze. Base is 9 cm in diameter, equal to about 3.5 inches. Stamp-marked with the following label: Vitreous Stone Bottle; J Bourne & Son,; (indiscernible); Denby Pottery, Near Derby; P & J. Arnold; London. Unfortunately because the top of the bottle is missing, exactly what this bottle once contained cannot be determined. However, most likely the bottle held ink because P & J. Arnolds was an ink producing company. Based on the ‘Son’ on the back stamp this stone bottle dates post 1841. It was hand thrown on a wheel and glazed with common salt producing the brown glazed finish.  \r\n","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Ceramic ink bottle "},{"label":"Creator","value":"Vitreous Stone Bottle, held the ink produced by P. and J. Arnold\r\nManufactured post 1841 due to labels inclusion of & Son; between 1860-1890.\r\nIn Denby near Derbyshire England. Exported by P. & J. Arnold of London\r\n"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)\r\n"},{"label":"Date","value":"Circa 1862. \r\n"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Aisha Arain"},{"label":"Type","value":"Stoneware ceramic\r\n"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"   These stone bottles were not high class material, comparable to our contemporary plastic storage containers, they were disposable. The people of the 1800s utilized these stone vessels to store various liquids such as ink, preserves, paste, beer, medicine, varnish, and so on. Compared to glass at the time, stoneware products were economically practical. The company that produced this bottle was named after Joseph Bourne who officially founded the company in 1809 and it continued to manufacture stone bottles until 1976. Joseph’s father William was a potter as well as who, on the horizon of the Industrial Revolution, foresaw the benefits of leasing a large clay bed near Derby which was then passed onto his son. The modest singular kiln company grew steadily over the years. Joseph Bourne’s pottery in Derbyshire England made large quantities of these bottles. For many years P. & J. Arnold of London used Bourne vessels for his ink products. For many years, P. & J. Arnold of London used bourne vessels for his ink products. These ink products, and Joseph Bourne’s containers were heavily imported to the U.S. by the mid 19th century, which could account for this artifact being found along the Passaic River in New Jersey. If there were factories in this area, records would have to be kept and ink to write them in. Bourne’s bottles were not expensive during this time period, unlike glass, and with their thriving factory during the Industrial Revolution it is doubtless their exports reached the ports of New Jersey and New York (New Amsterdam). \r\n"}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/703/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/704/canvas.json","label":"DUPRS_0035 Fisk Clark & Flagg Button","@type":"sc:Canvas","width":742,"height":834,"images":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2433/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/1f44cae28f285d3d1d310bfea501c16c.png","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/png","width":742,"height":834,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/704/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2434/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/ac04e57181a207cec02b7a771936d73c.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":426,"height":635,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/704/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2435/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/eb00b88ca166133116a92cb59c9e1354.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":240,"height":348,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/704/canvas.json"},{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/files/2436/anno.json","motivation":"sc:painting","@type":"oa:Annotation","resource":{"@id":"https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/975eaa41e116b667fa8f2f03d799a706.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":222,"height":800,"service":{"@id":"","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"}},"on":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/704/canvas.json"}],"description":"Small, metal shank button about 1.5cm wide\r\nBar in the center reveal 2 open slots in the middle of the button\r\nLetters legible “AGG” ‘FISK” “LARK”","attribution":"Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey","metadata":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Fisk Clark & Flagg (est. 1867) "},{"label":"Creator","value":"Fisk Clark & Flagg, probably manufactured in New York"},{"label":"Source","value":"Selective Surface collection, West, Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"},{"label":"Date","value":"1867- c. 1891-1902"},{"label":"Contributor","value":"Ava Valentino"},{"label":"Relation","value":"Court of Appeals State of New York. Thomas m. Argall vs. Abraham Jacobs and W. Wisebart. T.J.P. Averell Law Publisher, 29 May 1880, p. 73. \r\n“Henry Greene Fisk.” The American Hatter, vol. 31, 1902, p. 84. \r\nNew York Court of Appeals. Richard W. Bogart vs. J. Kleckner, J. H. Wittigschlager, Daniel E. Rutherford, Frederick D. Clark and William J. Carr. C.G. Burgoyne's \"Quick\" Print, 22 Aug. 1881, p. 29. \r\nThe New York Supplement. Fisk vs. Fisk, Clark & Flagg. Volume 76 (New York State Reporter, Volume 110), pp. 482–485. \r\n“‘Want’ Ads.” New York Journal, 24 Apr. 1899, p. 13. "},{"label":"Type","value":"Metal"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"Fisk, Clark & Flagg was founded in 1867 by Henry G. Fisk, Thomas R. Clark and Thomas J. Flagg, “for the purpose of manufacturing and selling gloves, neckwear and other articles of men's attire.” (Fisk v. Fisk, Clark Flagg, 37 Misc. 737, (N.Y. Misc. 1902)). The firm established a well-known name for themselves in their trade and manufacturing, producing high quality goods and becoming a leading figure in lines of gloves, furnishing goods, and shirt waists. They first began business in White Street, New York City, and then moved to several other locations in NYC throughout the decades including 690 Broadway, 686 Broadway, 5 Washington Place, and very briefly, 85 Fifth Avenue. \r\nBeing that Fisk, Clark & Flagg produced a series of premium clothing and home goods, the men and women of early Chatham belonged most likely to a higher social class. The close vicinity to NYC allowed clothing stores to be conveniently stocked with these goods, demonstrating a close connection between the distribution of goods across states and cities in America."}],"otherContent":[{"@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/items/704/annolist.json","@type":"sc:AnnotationList"}]}]}],"service":[{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/search/1/context.json","@id":"http://omeka.drew.edu/oa/collections/36/search","label":"Search this manifest with Omeka","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/search/1/search"}]}