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A nine-branched candelabrum with eight candleholders and a shamash (a holder for the kindling candle) is used to light candles each night during the festival of Hanukkah. The holiday commemorates the rededication of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem after…

When Doris left the children's home in Cornwall and returned to living with her parents, she occupied her time toward the end of the war with ephemera journals, which documented the advancement of the Allied troops with newspaper clippings. Displayed…

Austria, 1930s

In the fall of 1938, Nazi authorities required all Jews in Germany to carry identity cards stamped with the letter “J” for Jude (Jew). German Jews whose names did not instantly identify them as Jewish had to add the name “Sara” for women and…

After Kristallnacht, the Central British Fund for German Jewry (now World Jewish Relief) arranged with the British government for the rescue of about 4,000 Jewish men released from concentration camps. These refugees stayed in a former army base –…

Peter with his mother and Peter's parents, Max and Mina, together.

Pictured left to right are: Ernst Ledermann (Peter's father), Ernst's mother Minna, and his father, Max, taken sometime in the 1930s.

Peter did not live in the Kitchener Camp. Instead, he attended a boarding school where he continued his education and learned English. Separated from his parents, Peter contacted his father and mother through letters and occasionally visited them.

"Active Membership" cards from the Union Nationale des Associations de Déportés, Internes et Familles de Disparus (National Union of Associations of Deportees, Internees, and Families of the Disappeared). The cards recorded that Monique was an…

The Certificate de Nationalité (Certificate of Nationality) confirmed Monique's citizenship in France.