["itemContainer",{"xmlns:xsi":"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance","xsi:schemaLocation":"http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd","uri":"http://omeka.drew.edu/items/browse?output=omeka-json&page=45&sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CCreator","accessDate":"2026-04-04T13:45:47+00:00"},["miscellaneousContainer",["pagination",["pageNumber","45"],["perPage","10"],["totalResults","1266"]]],["item",{"itemId":"975","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"3605"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/5e61f07293a567e724a0d6698792f379.jpg"],["authentication","2e6237f378a1dc4253926acc5e346db9"]],["file",{"fileId":"3606"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/1b92bde7eaad25bfe973c8f2e83748d0.jpg"],["authentication","2cb21c8d64500d933e5a41b05ac464db"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"46"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3812"},["text","Floriography: The Language of Flowers"]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"6"},["name","IIIF Collection Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"61"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3813"},["text","a8d1d6d7-6545-4d57-8164-9f4d7aa1237d"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"6"},["name","Still Image"],["description","A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials."]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4765"},["text","A Book of Roses: with sixteen colour plates after the originals in Redouté's \"Roses\""]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4936"},["text","Text by J. Ramsbottom"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4937"},["text","The King Penguin Books"]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"5"},["name","IIIF Item Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"65"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"4766"},["text","cbd6bae0-9ab0-4c25-be77-f24c6beade71"]]]]]]]],["item",{"itemId":"662","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2351"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/95ae26672ff8da14369e7df72fe01023.JPG"],["authentication","0411a1510902d6c6b35a3c8ebcc9baa3"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"36"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2165"},["text","Passaic River Artifacts"]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"6"},["name","IIIF Collection Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"61"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2166"},["text","489fdc91-9dc6-4c1f-97fc-901000444d27"]]]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2631"},["text","DUPRS_0006 B.M. Dickinson Bottle"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2632"},["text","B.M. Dickinson, Chatham N.J."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2633"},["text","Glass bottle with “B.M. Dickinson Chatham, N.J.” embossed in a circle on the front. Dimensions: 7 inches high, 3 inches base width, 1 3/4 inch across bore. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2634"},["text","Ava Valentino"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2635"},["text","Glass"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2636"},["text","Thatcher Manufacturing Company (projected) for the bottle"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2637"},["text","Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2638"},["text","Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2639"},["text","1902-1912"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"47"},["name","Rights"],["description","Information about rights held in and over the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2640"},["text","The materials in this collection are made available for use for educational purposes only for research, teaching and private study. Texts and images from this collection may not be used for any commercial purpose without prior permission from the Department of Anthropology, Drew University.\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2641"},["text","Glass bottles such as this one were commonly used for the distribution of milk starting around the turn of the last century. The way the system worked was that the customer paid for the milk itself, while the container was purchased by and belonged to the local dairy, and was meant to be reused several times. The wood or cardboard bottle caps used in bottles such as this one were meant to be disposable, so a new one could be used every time. \r\n\r\nB.M. Dickinson was probably the name of the individual dairy which owned the bottle, but there is no record of a Dickinson dairy in Chatham, New Jersey. Labeling laws required the dairy name be put on the bottles at around the turn of the last century.  A similar bottle was found at the site of the Fairview House Hotel in Chatham but was from the Baldwin Brothers Farm. https://www.nj.com/independentpress/2020/07/in-chatham-a-buried-treasure-turns-into-a-bottle-project.html\r\n\r\nThe light amethyst color of the glass is one of the most significant aspects of this artifact. This tint indicates that manganese was mixed into green glass to give it a clearer effect, but ultimately turning purple over time due to sun exposure. Manganese glass was used only between 1880-1925 with the majority of glass dating between 1890-1917. \r\n\r\nBased on observation of where the side seams of the bottle fade, the circular markings on the neck, the uneven nature of the finish and the way the glass becomes thicker as the neck meets the shoulder, this bottle displays all the qualities of a mouth-blown bottle with a tooled finish. This means that the finish and body were blown together in the mold with the finish then begin hand-tooled to a more precise shape. Most bottles with tooled finishes were produced after 1890 but hand-tooled finishes disappeared between 1910-1920 as fully automatic bottle-making machines took over. \r\n\r\nHarvey Thatcher Company in Potsdam, NY manufactured “Common Sense Milk Bottles” which were patented in 1889 and became the industry standard by 1900. The ledge inside the finish is one of the main features of the “Common Sense” bottle, as it serves to hold a cap in place - the ledge is called the cap seat. The cap size for this bottle would have been 1 ¾” and if this is a Thatcher bottle, that could be indicative of a date earlier than 1912 when most cap sizes were standardized at 1 ⅝”. \r\n\r\n\r\n"]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"5"},["name","IIIF Item Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"65"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2642"},["text","c70e1568-8128-47bf-a3e4-ea3c6de2e266"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"1"},["name","diet"]],["tag",{"tagId":"2"},["name","domestic life"]],["tag",{"tagId":"3"},["name","History of Manufacturing"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"665","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2354"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/d3b9932502bd666a3c445e298dfee51c.jpg"],["authentication","447a0ddcd9e03275b7a04ba018127db8"]],["file",{"fileId":"2355"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/44e7dfc743abdd988ddad96a7fc74df5.jpg"],["authentication","091e4a2ec13a01a8d8b0b5896bb04f96"]],["file",{"fileId":"2356"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/f7da956108ba4c7fb8a59218c7481607.jpg"],["authentication","9ba209d11997cf546ee6603de799482d"]],["file",{"fileId":"2357"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/30ef9691e81c84eec04d04bda0ad1bfe.jpg"],["authentication","f6f376ab24babd5a20493325649e0a1e"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"36"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2165"},["text","Passaic River Artifacts"]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"6"},["name","IIIF Collection Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"61"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2166"},["text","489fdc91-9dc6-4c1f-97fc-901000444d27"]]]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2665"},["text","DUPRS_0011 CH. Guyot Suspender Adjustors, Clasps and Catches\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2666"},["text","Metal suspender adjusters, clasps and catches"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2667"},["text","Metal suspender adjusters, clasps and catches. \"CH. Guyot\" was stamped on the reverse side of some of the metal adjusters. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2668"},["text","The adjusters, clasps and catches form the metal parts of men's suspender straps manufactured between 1907 and 1925 based on advertisements in the New York Times. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2669"},["text","Selective Surface Collection, West Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township, New Jersey"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2670"},["text","Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey (DUPRS)\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2671"},["text","Estimated Manufacture early 20th century based on advertisements in the New York Times"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2672"},["text","Maria Masucci"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"47"},["name","Rights"],["description","Information about rights held in and over the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2673"},["text","Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey (DUPRS)\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2674"},["text","Metal"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2675"},["text","C.H. Guyot suspender clasps"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2676"},["text","Selling at 60 cents a pair in 1907 (New York Times advertisement) the suspenders with these clasps were advertised as a European style for gentlemen and were priced quite high for the era as a luxury product. The brand had many French and German advertisements and only a few advertisements had photos in the records of the New York Public Library. The advertisements appear to be targeted to upperclass men shown fencing and in pursuits associated with the wealthier class. \r\n\r\nOstheimer Bros in Philadelphia and New York figure in advertisements as distributors of the suspenders and an emphasis is on \"Genuine Guyot Suspenders\". There were issues about imitations and therefore one had to look for the CH Guyot and stars stamped on the metal pieces. \r\n\r\nSuspenders with CH Guyot adjuster clasps like those found in Chatham are in the Webb Cook Hayes Collection at the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library and Museums Catalog #1934.236.12. They are listed as associated with WWI. \r\nhttps://rbhayes.pastperfectonline.com/webobject/0D5368BA-68FE-4238-A6F8-476103406830\r\n\r\nThe significance of these data and objects for the Chatham Township site is that it provides additional chronological placement as well as provides information on what was being produced and manufactured at the Stanley Mill which was located in the area of the site where these artifacts are found. Similar artifacts are visible across the surface of the western mill area and in the same area where remnants of felt are found along with buttons, bricks and metal machine pieces. \r\n\r\nThe question is why are there such a large number of these suspender adjusters and associated suspender pieces found at the site. Was there men's clothing being manufactured at the mill? Since these are associated with upper class men it is unlikely they are the result of workmen's clothing. This also would not explain the high number of examples present at the site. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"46"},["name","Relation"],["description","A related resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2677"},["text","CH. Guyot had factories in Germany, France and possibly Philadelphia. A 1907 advertisement from Ostheimer Bros. 1001 Chestnut St. Philadelphia pictures \"Genuine Guyot Suspenders\" which suggests these were being sold in Philadelphia but may not have been manufactured there. "]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"5"},["name","IIIF Item Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"65"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2678"},["text","d5e1e821-cacb-4845-bb0a-e6ff2cf0bedd"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"6"},["name","fashion"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"669","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2370"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/9de86aedd9d4d0e00dd49e4876318955.jpg"],["authentication","23d9cee4c1878125cfdcc664f3533a85"]],["file",{"fileId":"2371"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/4cf55c4ce2825f64ac0bb5cfdc514495.png"],["authentication","4d807e06c89b502f0478baa2abcf76c8"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"36"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2165"},["text","Passaic River Artifacts"]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"6"},["name","IIIF Collection Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"61"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2166"},["text","489fdc91-9dc6-4c1f-97fc-901000444d27"]]]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2715"},["text","DUPRS_0016 Selser's Glass Bottle"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2716"},["text","Selsers Blossom Nectar Honey Bottle"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2717"},["text","The artefact is fragmentary as it is the bottom of a glass bottle. The square bottom is intact and shows embossed letters spelling: WM A SELSER. The biggest side piece is a corner with the side bearing two embossed letters: AR.  The average glass thickness is 0.5 cm. The glass is clear with two bubbles on the bottom – each bubble having a proximate diameter of 1 mm. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2718"},["text","The artefact is likely the bottom of a WM A Selser Blossom Nectar bottle. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2719"},["text","Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2720"},["text","Drew University, Department of Anthropology"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2721"},["text","Late 19th-early 20th century"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2722"},["text","Juliet LaVigne"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"46"},["name","Relation"],["description","A related resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2723"},["text","American Bee Journal (Vol 39)\r\n\r\nFirst-fifth Annual Report of the State Bee Inspector for the Year [1912]-1916: Also Report of the Convention of the Iowa State Beekeepers' Association, Issues 1-5\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2724"},["text","Glass"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2725"},["text","Selser sold honey in one pound and half pound bottles. The bottle was probably manufactured between the late 1880s and 1910s. Since the artefact is only a small portion of the original bottle, it is difficult to give a more accurate date. \r\n\r\nWilliam Selser bought land in Pennsylvania and started a bee farm based in Philadelphia. Selser came from a family long involved with various manufacturing industries. Earlier in his life Selser was involved with both leather tanning and fruit importing. Selser’s honey manufacturing was at one time known as the “most complete honey-bottling works” in the world. He sold honey primarily in the tristate area. \r\nWhile there is some information about his business when he first started selling honey there is little to do with the business in later years. So one can only give a general idea of the bottle’s origins. It may have been purchased and thrown out or it could have been kept and passed down through the generations. "]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"5"},["name","IIIF Item Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"65"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2726"},["text","1049afb3-2960-4b4b-a7d1-9c8e1ad75c34"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"1"},["name","diet"]],["tag",{"tagId":"3"},["name","History of Manufacturing"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"679","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2381"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/81c1c194874e304514c655e3d00093c8.jpg"],["authentication","1a8dcdee71704a616d583306459658ed"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"36"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2165"},["text","Passaic River Artifacts"]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"6"},["name","IIIF Collection Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"61"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2166"},["text","489fdc91-9dc6-4c1f-97fc-901000444d27"]]]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2829"},["text","DUPRS_0023 Rising Sun Brewery Bottle"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2830"},["text","Rising Sun Brewery Bottle"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2831"},["text","The artifact is the bottom of a glass bottle. It is a dark amber-brown color and has a diameter of 6.5 centimeters. The break is sharp, clean, and strictly angled. At its shortest point, the bottle is 5 centimeters tall and at its tallest point 11 centimeters. Respectively, the glass is 3/4 centimeters thick and 1/2 centimeters thick on the opposite side. The bottom base of the bottle contains the words “Karl Hutter New York” and in the center of the words is the number 13. The side of the bottle features an oval circle that contains the words “Elizabeth NJ”, the letters “RIS” and a single letter “N”. In the center of this oval and the center of these words is a mark “RSBCO” inscribed on top of one another.\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2832"},["text","The artifact was produced at the Rising Sun Brewery Co. in Elizabeth N.J. between 1887 and 1920. There is no information on Karl Hutter.  \r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2833"},["text","Selective Surface collection, Central Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2834"},["text","Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2835"},["text","Between 1887 and 1920\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2836"},["text","Amy Zavecz"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2837"},["text","Glass"]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"5"},["name","IIIF Item Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"65"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2838"},["text","6a49753c-a1f8-484e-bac7-84dcbd854b51"]]]]]]]],["item",{"itemId":"667","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2365"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/36c35f1839996fc446bd551faa6297d7.JPG"],["authentication","005d773e9fdad5e1825c56427aac59dd"]],["file",{"fileId":"2366"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/ae897154345825217c52ebe2fed9fc52.JPG"],["authentication","e0d7c9eba334c5d62f067820cdd06ed5"]],["file",{"fileId":"2367"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/1dede3af70fbeb2d47c7bbe6141b6407.JPG"],["authentication","ad39517da82d0f93a754722b7e2c9e56"]],["file",{"fileId":"2368"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/1f1874518fe6ed11a31673e751341792.jpg"],["authentication","926a65bb376634a63866b79b718c2c08"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"36"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2165"},["text","Passaic River Artifacts"]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"6"},["name","IIIF Collection Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"61"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2166"},["text","489fdc91-9dc6-4c1f-97fc-901000444d27"]]]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2690"},["text","DUPRS_0005 Boericke & Tafel New York Bottle"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2691"},["text","Complete amber glass Boericke & Tafel bottle"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2692"},["text","The rectangular bottle is made of amber glass and was found intact. It has Boericke & Tafel New York embossed onto the side. It stands at 6cm tall with a 2 cm diameter square base. There are two seams along the sides. The neck is round with a slight taper which could fit a cork stopper. The lip is a single ring that projects slightly towards the exterior of the neck. The interior edge where the lip meets the neck is smooth. \r\n\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2693"},["text","The bottle was produced for Boericke & Tafel a company specializing in homeopathic medicines and remedies starting in 1869 based in New York. \r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2694"},["text","Selective Surface Collection, Zone A west Stanley Park (south of trail), Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2695"},["text","Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2696"},["text","c. 1890"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2697"},["text","Ava Valentino "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"47"},["name","Rights"],["description","Information about rights held in and over the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2698"},["text","  The materials in this collection are made available for use for educational purposes only for research, teaching and private study. Texts and images from this collection may not be used for any commercial purpose without prior permission from the Department of Anthropology, Drew University.\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2699"},["text","Glass"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"46"},["name","Relation"],["description","A related resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2700"},["text","https://www.trocadero.com/stores/stonegate/items/1426407/Group-Boericke-Tafel-19thC-Homeopathic-Medicine-Bottles "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2701"},["text","Boericke & Tafel was a pharmaceutical company specializing in homeopathic medicines and remedies. Comparative examples of this amber glass bottle can be found on the internet and is described as containing pills and manufactured in the 1890’s in New York.\r\nBefore Boericke & Tafel was founded, the origins of the company can be traced to Dr. Constantine Hering, the father of american homeopathy. He practiced in Philadelphia, PA and Hans Burch Ham, NY and founded one of the first homeopathic medical colleges in America. His best selling books influenced many other practitioners of homeopathy, such as William Radde, who was a bookstore manager for J. G. Wesselhoeft. He was relocated from PA to the NY branch of the bookstore and began selling homeopathic remedies. Eventually, William Radde became the sole owner of the franchise, which, “In 1869, F. E. Boericke and A. J. Tafel formed the partnership under the name of Boericke and Tafel. Together they bought the pharmacy and book-publishing business of William Radde in New York City. A. J. Tafel moved to New York to manage the business.” (http://www.herbmuseum.ca/content/boericke-tafel). \r\nHomeopathy gave rise in the 19th century especially after the 1849 cholera epidemic. “Because of the superior results achieved by homeopathic physicians, many orthodox doctors took up the practice of homeopathy. At the same time, many of the intelligentsia were attracted to homeopathy because of its scientific basis in experimental pharmacology.” (http://www.homeoint.org/cazalet/boericke/story.htm) \r\n\tHomeopathic remedies are still produced under the name Boericke and Tafel today. The amber hue of the bottle was probably to protect photosensitive contents. A variety of compounds could have been contained in this bottle, and they were even sold as “kits” that contained a number of remedites. Typically, there was a paper label adhered to each bottle. \r\n\r\nSources\r\n\t-http://www.herbmuseum.ca/content/boericke-tafel\r\n\t-http://www.homeoint.org/cazalet/boericke/story.htm\r\n\t-http://www.boerickeandtafel.com/ \r\n-https://www.trocadero.com/stores/stonegate/items/1426407/Group-Boericke-Tafel-19thC-Homeopathic-Medicine-Bottles \r\n-https://brianaltonenmph.com/6-history-of-medicine-and-pharmacy/hudson-valley-medical-history/a-chronology-of-homoeopathy/ \r\n\r\n"]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"5"},["name","IIIF Item Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"65"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2702"},["text","f22c2b80-ea3a-40ac-9bc2-fefea9cd4fdc"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"2"},["name","domestic life"]],["tag",{"tagId":"7"},["name","health"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"684","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2389"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/acaaf15ea100d17bbbe72fccdbddd70a.jpg"],["authentication","fb43ba47dfca97018c47bd4d3124ae11"]],["file",{"fileId":"2390"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/ed7859bbfe82a31606ee839b3fe2e2a5.png"],["authentication","17770b991caf392bb7d79319d65bc52b"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"36"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2165"},["text","Passaic River Artifacts"]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"6"},["name","IIIF Collection Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"61"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2166"},["text","489fdc91-9dc6-4c1f-97fc-901000444d27"]]]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2874"},["text","DUPRS_0038 Zeh, Scherzer & Co."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2875"},["text","Zeh, Scherzer & Co. pottery sherds"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2876"},["text","The condition of the sherds is good and the detail on the one sherd is intact. The design is pink flowers with green leaves. Though the pieces are broken, the maker’s mark is still fully visible on one of the sherds."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2877"},["text","The bottom of the artifact has a maker’s mark that says “mignon z.s . & co Bavaria.” This maker’s mark dates the artifact to be from 1880 to 1918. The company was settled in Germany.\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2878"},["text","Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2879"},["text","Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2880"},["text","1880-1918"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2881"},["text","Juliet LaVigne"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2882"},["text","Ceramic"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2883"},["text","The company 'Zeh, Scherzer & Co.' was founded in 1880 and directly started to produce a wide range of pieces including coffee and tea sets, normal household items and tableware as well as decorated porcelain.  During January 1907 and May 1908 'Zeh, Scherzer & Co.' produced a series of items exclusively for the company from New York, 'Geo. Borgfeldt & Co.'  Being very successful in its porcelain production and sales, the company opened its own art department in 1908.  This was the height of the company’s sales and when it was most likely the most popular. The collaboration between 'Zeh, Scherzer & Co.' and the New York company shows that the porcelain that they produced was bought in the United States as well as in Germany. The company was changed into a limited company on October 7th, 1910. After becoming a limited company, the business started to expand gradually as the name of 'Zeh, Scherzer & Co.' established itself on the German market.  Due to low sales, the company stopped production in 1992.  "]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"5"},["name","IIIF Item Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"65"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2884"},["text","c39eaf82-02d0-4f1c-a186-7f47c7d18064"]]]]]]]],["item",{"itemId":"702","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2459"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/f16efc0d7e90e61660640243d602648a.png"],["authentication","266192566679da69d1b04d2b5f16d064"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"36"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2165"},["text","Passaic River Artifacts"]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"6"},["name","IIIF Collection Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"61"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2166"},["text","489fdc91-9dc6-4c1f-97fc-901000444d27"]]]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3074"},["text","DUPRS_0048 - Consolidate Fruit Jar Company Lid\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3075"},["text","Milk-Glass Jar Insert"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3076"},["text","This is a round, flat, white piece of milk glass with two consecutive rings outside of it with the inscription ‘Consolidated Fruit Jar Company, New York’ around the outermost ring. It is about 3.5 inches in diameter. The center circle has a symbol on it and the writing, rings, and symbol are all raised.\r\nIt is a circle of milky, opal-colored glass, 6.5 mm in diameter. 2 outer concerntric rings surrounding a center circle of 3mm in diameter. Center circle has raised marker’s mark and the outermost circle has ‘Consolidated Fruit Jar Company, New York’ pressed on it. Underside has a number ‘12’ pressed into it and one outer concentric circle of 1mm surrounding inner circle of 5.5mm diameter. It was used to separate the fruit and the metal closures in canned fruit jars to make the fruit more ‘sanitary’. \r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3077"},["text","The Consolidated Fruit Jar Company "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3078"},["text","Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3079"},["text","Drew University, Department of Anthropology, Drew University Passaic River Survey\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3080"},["text","1871-1908. \r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3081"},["text","Aisha Arain"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3082"},["text","Glass"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3083"},["text","The Consolidated Fruit Jar Company operated out of New Brunswick, NJ between 1871 and 1908. It was owned by Lewis R. Boyd, who is most famous for the patent of this object which is a white milk-glass insert for zinc screw lids on hand-blown glass jars that was used to keep food from coming in contact with the metal so that it would preserve for longer. During 1871 and 1885 companies used outside contractors to make their lid-liners following a large factory fire. This type of glass lid-liner was patented in 1869 by Louis R. Boyd. Lewis R. Boyd and his company – The Sheet Metal Screw Company – patented a white ‘milk-glass’ insert for zinc screw lids to theoretically lessen the chances that food would come in contact with metal in 1869. Boyd became a partner in the Consolidated Fruit Jar Company in 1871, which was based in New Brunswick, New Jersey. This company contracted out with many other companies to produce their mason jars, a very popular item at the time. They stopped being manufactured around 1885, and the company went out of business in 1908. \r\nSince the glass lid dates from the late 1800s to the early 1900s, it could mean that this area of the Passaic River was in use at this time, unless the lid drifter downstream from another site, but this in unlikely since the jar top was found buried. Since the lid would have been on some sort of food product, it could indicate that this area was a popular picnic spot of the late 1800s, as it is today, or that this area was lived in and the jar lid was a commonplace item in a home of this time. Since this part of the Passaic River is on the outskirts of New York City, perhaps Madison was a popular weekend spot for New Yorkers during this time period to get out of the city, relax, and picnic. The presence of this object helps us to date possible settlements near the Passaic River and supports the hypothesis of this area being a lower class area. These jars were mass produced and relatively inexpensive. It also implies that instead of a housing barrack for just male workers, that women and children might have lived here. \r\n"]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"5"},["name","IIIF Item Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"65"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3084"},["text","79003f30-43e6-4328-900d-bf5b170badcf"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"9"},["name","toexport"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"666","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2358"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/8450dd3bdbb81c7e4a67b4088107869e.png"],["authentication","95d9d206ecdc2b541f51e0371b8bdd88"]],["file",{"fileId":"2359"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/adff4f5ae7198fb9a1d8292af72afd85.png"],["authentication","086345083cd3281ea4da30ec59c786bf"]],["file",{"fileId":"2360"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/1f1d8b4ad10ab3463881376e45208603.png"],["authentication","22010aab3bceaaba5d1fe2fc71c17f06"]],["file",{"fileId":"2361"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/617a4c67ddf92c5dbddee5f3cf34c005.JPG"],["authentication","b59740f3a77e335fb9ba89588696896f"]],["file",{"fileId":"2362"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/d1b4012b2fc86e24f985d9caedd85e53.JPG"],["authentication","764bbbe7c2a4627102bb182c0af8237e"]],["file",{"fileId":"2363"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/7589e07b6922d96530e54454e5c8bacb.JPG"],["authentication","a30787f96b05a6405c633ffdbbfe1cc0"]],["file",{"fileId":"2364"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/ba18a7613405eb6c367d05a8bc907ccc.JPG"],["authentication","6f8bc26952ed2d8e73484cdbe9136227"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"36"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2165"},["text","Passaic River Artifacts"]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"6"},["name","IIIF Collection Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"61"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2166"},["text","489fdc91-9dc6-4c1f-97fc-901000444d27"]]]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2679"},["text","DUPRS_0012 Misc. Button Collection"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2680"},["text","Miscellaneous Button Colleciton"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2681"},["text","This collection of different button types found in various states of tarnish is made up of:\r\n-2 complete small mother of pearl buttons with 4 holes\r\n-1 medium-size possibly ceramic or celluloid white button with 4 holes\r\n-1 large and a half a large possibly ceramic or celluloid buttons with 4 holes\r\n-1 small brown either ceramic, celluloid, or modern plastic button with 4 holes\r\n-1 petal “pie crust button” with 2  holes\r\n-2 and a half-metal “inkwell” buttons with 4 holes\r\n-1 metal rounded top button with incised design\r\n-14 white porcelain buttons\r\n-1 white porcelain, round convex button (no holes)\r\n-1 metal button with a spiral pattern on the outer rim, holes on the inside\r\n-1 metal convex, round button with a small border outlining the roundest part\r\n-2 plain metal buttons\r\n-1 ornate, metal button with geometrical shapes, 8 circular bumps on the outer rim, 16 small circles around the center\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2682"},["text","The creators of the buttons are unknown. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2683"},["text","Selective Surface collection, west Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2684"},["text","Drew University, Department of Anthropology\r\n\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2685"},["text","late 19th- early 20th Century\r\n\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2686"},["text","Amy Zavecz"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"47"},["name","Rights"],["description","Information about rights held in and over the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2687"},["text","Metal & Ceramic"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2688"},["text","Cultural and Historical Significance:\r\n\r\nOverall this button collection looks like it comes from the 19th century, based on the materials used, the various states of tarnish, and the mark of quality in manufacturing. Through research, it seems that the small buttons with only two holes were used in undergarments and were probably handmade based on the need of the owner/wearer. The larger buttons made from either ceramic or celluloid material (celluloid is a material only found in buttons made at the turn of the century or later) and were most likely used on everyday clothing, especially due to the simple ornate patterns. The rounded metal button was most likely fastened on the front of a coat jacket since they were used for a sturdier fasten and were not as susceptible to tear. The buckle button with writing is the hardest button to place out of the grouping. Though the writing is not completely legible, the style of font seems to indicate that this button was probably made by a button manufacturing company and displays the name of the company. Factory manufactured buttons found in more rural areas seem to indicate that their use was more for purposeful functions, rather than for fashion or status purposes and was probably seen on outerwear during the middle 19th century. \r\n\r\nThese buttons offer a very interesting look into the personal interactions of the people who lived on this site probably in the middle to late 19th century.  The materials used help to define social status as well as material availability as well as the type of clothing these people would have worn on a daily basis. Often the fabrics used to make clothing don’t survive so buttons allow for better interpretation as to what types of material culture was important to this specific society. The buckle button provides evidence that this community had access to trade or commerce which allowed for manufactured goods to be purchased and used for personal use. "]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"5"},["name","IIIF Item Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"65"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2689"},["text","9c49e8a7-e776-4896-97c5-c49d3faa5324"]]]]]]]],["item",{"itemId":"659","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2347"},["src","https://omeka.drew.edu/files/original/a80574763e924a481d343550076411ae.png"],["authentication","879f16d0047ff7c9a466f739efa02128"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"36"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2165"},["text","Passaic River Artifacts"]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"6"},["name","IIIF Collection Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"61"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2166"},["text","489fdc91-9dc6-4c1f-97fc-901000444d27"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"19"},["name","Ceramic"],["description"]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2593"},["text","DUPRS_0009 White and Blue Porcelain Vase (Fragments)"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2594"},["text","White and Blue Porcelain Vase (Fragments)"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2595"},["text","Fragments of a white and blue porcelain vase ranging in size from 5cm-9cm. All of the individual fragments are in good condition (minimal chips and cracks)\r\n\r\n\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2596"},["text","The exact creator is unknown. White and blue porcelain ceramic was prominent in Jingdezhen, China. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2597"},["text","Selective Surface collection, east Stanley Park, Historic Chatham Township (modern Summit, New Jersey)"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2598"},["text","Drew University, Department of Anthropology\r\n\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2599"},["text","Unknown"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2600"},["text","Amy Zavecz"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"46"},["name","Relation"],["description","A related resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2601"},["text","http://arts.cultural-china.com/en/31Arts240.html \r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2602"},["text","Ceramic"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2603"},["text","Cultural and Historical Significance: Among all porcelain produced in Jingdezhen, the most representative is blue-white porcelain 青花瓷 . Baking blue-white porcelain originated in the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127). During the Yuan and Ming dynasties (1271-1644), blue-white porcelain became increasingly popular, and since the 14th century, manufacturers have shipped blue-white porcelain to world markets. The porcelain reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Its thin, translucent quality and exotic motifs made it very valuable throughout Europe and the colonies, ranking first among blue-white porcelain nationwide. \r\nDrawing the design with a cobalt pigment onto the stoneware body and painting over it with a transparent glaze creates the blue-white style, also known as \"underglaze blue\". The piece is then fired at a high temperature. Blue-white porcelain was introduced during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) and has been in production ever since thanks to its bright colors, simple yet elegant patterns, and smooth glaze that never fades. \r\nThe Yuan Dynasty is a key period for the development of the firing techniques for blue-white porcelain in China. Its unique characteristics were based on the techniques of former dynasties. Blue-white porcelain had become a major porcelain product in China by the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing dynasties (1644-1911). \r\nThe blue-white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty is large, with thick roughcast. Generally, the works include big bottles, pots, bowls, and plates, with the traditional flavor of the Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279) dynasties. Due to the underdeveloped techniques, there are two interfaces on the body and several veins inside the body. The roughcast is not as smooth as that of the Ming and Qing dynasties and the glaze is thicker due to more iron in the raw glaze materials. \r\nThere are bamboo-like lines at the foot of the porcelain. The body is connected to the foot before the glaze is coated. The body is decorated with lotuses, clouds, and flowers. Dense decorations were not only applied to blue-white porcelain but also to picture weaving and stone carving, reflecting the unique characteristics of the time. \r\nThe major producer of blue-white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty was Jingdezhen. In addition, there were kilns for blue-white porcelain production in East China's Zhejiang Province and Southwest China's Yunnan Province. \r\nBlue-white porcelain actually belongs to color-glazed porcelain and the coloring agent used is called cobalt oxide. First, using cobalt oxide, paint the unbaked mold, then apply a layer of translucent glaze over it and bake it at 1,300 degrees Celsius. The cobalt oxide will be reduced under the high temperature into a blue hue, which will be very bright and durable without poisonous lead. Each piece of monochrome-glazed porcelain has a single bright color with an exquisite design. A very good mastery of controlling temperature changes and content composition is required. Blue-white porcelain is most famous among the four traditional types of porcelain produced in Jingdezhen, and is renowned as the \"ever-lasting blue flower.\" \r\nIn 1979 Jingdezhen blue-white porcelain won a national golden prize and in 1985 it was honored with three gold medals at international fairs held in Leipzig, Brno, etc. Since then, the name \"Jingdezhen Blue-white Porcelain\" has spread far and wide. By far, it is a top product in the porcelain business, boasting the most prizes and highest standards. \r\n"]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"5"},["name","IIIF Item Metadata"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"65"},["name","UUID"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"2604"},["text","26dca25e-f2a6-475e-b8f6-46aa58f2f318"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"9"},["name","toexport"]]]]]